St Mary's Abbey (York): Difference between revisions

Locality
Coordinate	53.962222, -1.08793
Adm. div.	North Riding of Yorkshire
Vicinity	In York; NE of the Ouse, SE of Marygate, S of Bootham
Type	Church/monastery
Interest	Literary locale
Status	Extant
First Record	c. 1500

Latest revision as of 13:54, 7 January 2021

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Ruins of St Mary's Abbey, York

St Mary's Abbey, York / Neil Clifton, 4 Aug. 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.

By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2019-05-09. Revised by Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2021-01-07.

St Mary's Abbey, York, is the scene of the greater part of fytte II (sts. 84–125) of the Gest of Robyn Hode. It is mentioned by name in sts. 54, 84, 233, and indirectly referred to in sts. 55 and 129 of that poem. Robin entertains, and in his own manner robs, the high cellarer of St Mary's in fytte IV (see sts. 213-61 and 271-73).

The ruins of St Mary's Abbey are situated on a steeply-sloping site to the west of York Minster in what are now the York Museum Gardens. This Benedictine monastery was once the richest in the north of England and often served as the administrative and financial headquarters of the royal administration when the latter moved north during periods of war or impending conflict with Scotland.

Brief history

A church dedicated to Saint Olaf II of Norway was founded on the site in 1055. After the Conquest it came into the possession of Alan Rufus, an Anglo-Breton magnate, who granted the lands to Abbot Stephen and a group of monks from Whitby. The abbey church was refounded in 1088, when William II (Rufus) visited York and gave the monks additional lands. The following year he laid the foundation stone of the new Norman church and the site was rededicated to the Virgin Mary. The monks moved to York from a site at Lastingham in Ryedale in the 1080s. After a dispute and riot in 1132, a party of reform-minded monks left the abbey to establish the Cistercian monastery of Fountains Abbey. St Mary's Abbey was badly damaged by a great fire in 1137, the surviving ruins dating from a rebuilding programme begun in 1271 and finished by 1294. The abbey was valued at the then enormous sum of £2,000 a year in 1539, when the abbey was dissolved during the dissolution of the monasteries.^[1]

Precinct

The abbey occupied an extensive area immediately outside York city walls, between Bootham and the River Ouse. In the 1260s, a walled circuit was constructed above the original boundary, which had included a ditch and a narrow strip of ground. The walls, c. 1.2 km in length, were increased in height and crenellated in 1318. A stretch of the wall still runs along Bootham and Marygate to the Ouse.^[2]

Gatehouse

The gatehouse in Marygate and its lodge formed part of a range of buildings that linked the abbey to the older church of St Olave by a chapel dedicated to Mary. Work on the chapel and gatehouse was under way by 1314 and completed in 1320, but the surviving structures are mostly of fifteenth-century date.^[2]

Abbey Church

In order to fit within the site the abbey church was aligned northeast-southwest. Rebuilding began in 1270 and was completed within 24 years. The new abbey church was 110 m in length and consisted of a nave with aisles, north and south trancepts with chapels in an eastern aisle, and a presbytery with aisles. To the east of the cloister and on the line of the transepts were a vestibule leading to the chapter house, the scriptorium and library. Beyond the church lay the kitchen, the novices' building and infirmary.^[2]

The Abbot's House or Lodge

The abbot's house, built of brick in 1483, is now known as the King's Manor, a name which reflects the fact that it became the seat of the Council of the North in 1539.^[2]

The abbey in the Gest

The impoverished knight befriended by Robin in the Gest of Robyn Hode borrows £400 from the outlaw to repay his debt to the abbot of St Mary's. A brief intermezzo involving the abbey porter must be imagined taking place at the Gatehouse. Then follows a scene in which the knight feigns poverty in order to test the character of his creditors: if they are civil and humane towards the supposedly defaulting debtor they will receive a little extra 'for courtesy', essentially the medieval equivalent of interest. Several high monastics and men of law are in leagues with the abbot, all except one treat the knight with condescension and indifference to his plight. There is no indication that this scene takes place at the abbot's lodge, but it should probably be imagined to be in some relatively private part of the large monastery to which only leading members of the community had access.

Quotations

[Gest; c. 1500:]
My londes both sette to wedde Robyn
Untyll a certayn day
To a ryche abbot here besyde
Of Seynt Mari Abbey.^[3]

[Gest; c. 1500:]
Then spake that gentyll knyght
To Lytel Johnn gan he saye
To-morowe I must to Yorke toune
To Saynt Mary abbay.^[4]

[Gest; c. 1500:]
Saynt Mary abbay sayd the monke
Though I be symple here
In what offyce sayd Robyn
Syr the hye selerer.^[5]

Gazetteers

Not included in Dobson, R. B., ed.; Taylor, J., ed. Rymes of Robyn Hood: an Introduction to the English Outlaw (London, 1976), pp. 293-311.

Sources

Wikipedia: St Mary's Abbey, York.

Maps

Background

Clay, John William, ed. Yorkshire Monasteries: Suppression Papers (The Yorkshire Archæological Society, Record Series, vol. XLVIII) ([s.l.], 1912), 1, 2, 4, 5, 15, 18, 23, 63-64, 73-74, 75, 140, 148-49
History of York: Life in the Abbey.

Also see

Place-names in Gest of Robyn Hode.

Notes

↑ This account is in all essentials based on Wikipedia: St Mary's Abbey, York.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 This paragraph is a paraphrase of Wikipedia: St Mary's Abbey, York.
↑ Gest, st. 54.
↑ Gest, st. 84.
↑ Gest, st. 54.

Image gallery

Click any image to display it in the lightbox, where you can navigate between images by clicking in the right or left side of the current image.

St. Mary's Abbey, York / Michael 'Angelo' Rooker (1746–1801), c. 1778; Creative Commons, via Wikipedia.
Photochrom Company Ltd, The. York: St. Marys Abbey (London and Tunbridge Wells, [19??]). Photographic postcard (monochrome). 139 x 87 mm. / HTN collection.
Lilywhite Ltd. St. Mary's Abbey, York (YK 38) ([s.l.], [19??]). Photographic postcard (monochrome). 141 x 89 mm. / HTN collection.
Scott, Walter (of Bradford). York – the West Front, St. Mary's Abbey (4815) (Bradford, [c. 1930]). Photographic postcard (monochrome). 136 x 86 mm. / HTN collection.
B. & R. Bootham Bar; S^t. Mary's Abbey, York ("Camera" Series) ([s.l.], [19??]). Multiview postcard (col.). 90 x 138 mm. / HTN collection.
The ruins of St Mary's Abbey: The ruins of St Mary's Abbey, first built in 1088, are all that remain of one of the most powerful Benedictine monasteries in England and are located in the ten-acre botanical gardens / Alan Walker, 1974, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
The ruins of St Mary's Abbey, York / Jeff Buck, 10 Dec. 1978, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Abbey: The ruins of the north wall of St Mary's Abbey, a ruined Benedictine abbey that lies in what are now the Yorkshire Museum Gardens / David Dixon, 10 Jan. 1979, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Abbey, York / Philip Halling, 19 May 1980, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Abbey: The Ruins of St Mary's Abbey in the grounds of the Yorkshire Museum / Gerald England, July 1999, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Ruins of the abbey church from the southern end / [ Keir Gravil, 19 July 2006, Creative Commons, via Wikipedia.]
St. Mary's Watergate / Matthew Hatton, 3 Feb. 2007, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Abbey ruins in Museum Gardens, York / Stanley Howe, 18 Apr. 2007, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Entrance to St Mary's Abbey / Tony Thomas, 22 June 2007, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Abbey Church, Museum Gardens, York: The ruins of part of the north and west walls that formed the nave and crossing / Kaly99, c. 5 Aug. 2007, Creative Commons, via Wikipedia.
St Mary's Abbey Ruins, Museum Gardens, York / Kevin Gordon, 16 July 2008, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Ruins of St.Mary's Abbey in York / Richard Croft, 16 Mar. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St.Mary's Abbey / Richard Croft, 16 Mar. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St.Mary's Lodge: Lodge built from the remains of St.Mary's Abbey gatehouse / Richard Croft, 16 Mar. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St.Mary's Hospitium / Richard Croft, 16 Mar. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Water Gate / Richard Croft, 16 Mar. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
York: ruins of St Mary's Abbey / Christopher Hilton, 26 Aug. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Ruins of St Mary's Abbey church / Phil Champion, 12 Dec. 2009.
Ruins of St Mary's Abbey Church: Arch on north-west side of central crossing. Most standing remains of the abbey church are at the north-west end / Phil Champion, 12 Dec. 2009.
Ruin of St Mary's Abbey Church: The standing remains date from the rebuilding of the church in gothic style between 1270 and 1279. The Bendedictine abbey was founded in 1086 / Phil Champion, 12 Dec. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Walls of St Mary's abbey / Michael Jagger, 9 jan. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Remains of St Mary's Abbey, York / Michael Jagger, 20 Feb. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Abbey: Looking across the daffodils in the flower beds of Museum Gardens to St Mary's Abbey ruins / D.S. Pugh, 27 Mar. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Abbey, North Wall / David Dixon, 4 Apr. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Abbey / David Dixon, 4 Apr. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Abbey, West Wall / David Dixon, 4 Apr. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
/ David Dixon, 4 Apr. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Gateway to former St Mary's Abbey, York / Phil Champion, 21 Nov. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Scaffolding at the Hospitium - York Museum Gardens / Phil Champion, 21 Nov. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Base of column - ruins of St Mary's Abbey Church, York / Phil Champion, 21 Nov. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Precinct wall of St Mary's Abbey, Marygate / Phil Champion, 21 Nov. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Water Tower, St. Mary's Abbey: Licence to crenellate was granted to St. Mary's Abbey in 1318 and this tower by the river dates from soon after that / Jonathan Thacker, 10 May 2011, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Ruins of the abbey church / Pauline E, 12 Feb. 2012, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Abbey York / Edward-McMaihin, 22 July 2013, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Abbey ruins / Pauline E, 29 Sep. 2013, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Tower / David Dixon, 29 June, 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Abbey Tower: One of the ruined towers of St Mary's Abbey / David Dixon, 29 June 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Abbey, York / Neil Clifton, 4 Aug. 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
York: St. Mary's Abbey: part of the Hospitium / Neil Clifton, 4 Aug. 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St. Mary's Abbey: The Abbey of St Mary is a ruined Benedictine abbey in what are now the Yorkshire Museum Gardens / Paul Farmer, 21 Mar. 2017, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St. Mary's Abbey: The Abbey of St Mary is a ruined Benedictine abbey in what are now the Yorkshire Museum Gardens / Paul Farmer, 25 Mar. 2017, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Ruins of St Mary's Abbey York / Roy Hughes, 15 Apr. 2017, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Tower: Tower on the corner of Marygate and Bootham, part of the walls of St Mary's Abbey, the whole site being grade I listed / Ian Capper, 10 July 2017, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
St Mary's Abbey remains: Precinct walls / Jonathan Hutchins, 1 Dec. 2017, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
York, abbey ruins / Mike Faherty, 19 Feb. 2018, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
York, King's Manor: On the site of the residence of the abbot of St. Mary's, rebuilt in C15, later to be headquarters of the Council of the North; later, a school for the blind, now part of the University of York / Mike Faherty, 19 Feb. 2018, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
The ruined abbey of St Mary in York / Richard Humphrey, 20 Mar. 2018, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Artists' Garden at rear of York Art Gallery: This area at the rear of the art gallery was part of the precinct of St Mary's Abbey / Phil Champion, 19 Nov. 2018, Creative Commons, via Geograph.
Remains of St Mary's Abbey Gerald England, 14 Apr. 2019, Creative Commons, via Geograph.

North Riding of Yorkshire place-names

Yorkshire place-names

Place-names

[1] This account is in all essentials based on Wikipedia: St Mary's Abbey, York.

[para-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 This paragraph is a paraphrase of Wikipedia: St Mary's Abbey, York.

[3] Gest, st. 54.

[4] Gest, st. 84.

[5] Gest, st. 54.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-__NOTOC__{{PnItemTop|Lat=53.962222|Lon=-1.087930|AdmDiv=Yorkshire|Vicinity=In York; NE of the Ouse, SE of Marygate, S of Bootham|Type=Monument|Interest=Literary locale|Status=Extant|Demonym=English|Riding=North|GreaterLondon=|Year=1500|Aka=|Century=|Cluster1=|Cluster2=|Cluster3=|Image=geograph-4137517-by-Dr-Neil-Clifton.jpg|Postcards=Yes|ExtraCat1=|ExtraCat2=|ExtraCat3=|ExtraCat4=|ExtraCat5=|ExtraLink1=|ExtraLink2=|ExtraLink3=|ExtraLink4=|ExtraLink5=|ExtraLinkName1=|ExtraLinkName2=|ExtraLinkName3=|ExtraLinkName4=|ExtraLinkName5=|GeopointPrefix=|GeopointSuffix=|StatusSuffix=|DatePrefix=''c.''&ensp;|DateSuffix=}}
+__NOTOC__{{PlaceNamesItemTop|Lat=53.962222|Lon=-1.087930|AdministrativeDivision=Yorkshire|Vicinity=In York; NE of the Ouse, SE of Marygate, S of Bootham|Type=Church/monastery|Interest=Literary locale|Status=Extant|Demonym=English|Riding=North|GreaterLondon=|Year=1500|Aka=|Century=|Cluster1=|Cluster2=|Cluster3=|Image=geograph-4137517-by-Dr-Neil-Clifton.jpg|Postcards=Yes|ExtraCat1=Place-names in Gest of Robyn Hode|ExtraCat2=|ExtraCat3=|ExtraCat4=|ExtraCat5=|ExtraLink1=|ExtraLink2=|ExtraLink3=|ExtraLink4=|ExtraLink5=|ExtraLinkName1=|ExtraLinkName2=|ExtraLinkName3=|ExtraLinkName4=|ExtraLinkName5=|GeopointPrefix=|GeopointSuffix=|StatusSuffix=|DatePrefix=''c.''&ensp;|DateSuffix=}}
-{{#display_map:{{#var:Coords}}~{{#replace:{{PAGENAME}}|&#39;|'}}|service=leaflet|width=34%}}<div class="pnMapLegend">Ruins of St Mary's Abbey, York</div>
+{{#display_map:{{#var:Coords}}~{{#replace:{{PAGENAME}}|&#39;|'}}|width=34%|fullscreen=yes}}<div class="pnMapLegend">Ruins of St Mary's Abbey, York</div>
-[[File:{{#var:Pnimage}}|thumb|right|500px|St Mary's Abbey, York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4137517 Neil Clifton, 4 Aug. 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]]]
+[[File:{{#var:Image}}|thumb|right|500px|St Mary's Abbey, York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4137517 Neil Clifton, 4 Aug. 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]]]<div class="no-img">
-<p id="byline">By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2019-05-09. Revised by {{#realname:{{REVISIONUSER}}}}, {{REVISIONYEAR}}-{{REVISIONMONTH}}-{{REVISIONDAY2}}.</p><div class="no-img">
+<p id="byline">By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2019-05-09. Revised by {{#realname:{{REVISIONUSER}}}}, {{REVISIONYEAR}}-{{REVISIONMONTH}}-{{REVISIONDAY2}}.</p>
-{{PnItemQry}}
+St Mary's Abbey, York, is the scene of the greater part of fytte II (sts. 84&ndash;125) of the [[Gest of Robyn Hode]]. It is mentioned by name in sts. 54, 84, 233, and indirectly referred to in sts. 55 and 129 of that poem. Robin entertains, and in his own manner robs, the high cellarer of St Mary's in fytte IV (see sts. 213-61 and 271-73).
+The ruins of St Mary's Abbey are situated on a steeply-sloping site to the west of York Minster in what are now the York Museum Gardens. This Benedictine monastery was once the richest in the north of England and often served as the administrative and financial headquarters of the royal administration when the latter moved north during periods of war or impending conflict with Scotland.
+== Brief history ==
+A church dedicated to Saint Olaf II of Norway was founded on the site in 1055. After the Conquest it came into the possession of Alan Rufus, an Anglo-Breton magnate, who granted the lands to Abbot Stephen and a group of monks from Whitby. The abbey church was refounded in 1088, when William II (Rufus) visited York and gave the monks additional lands. The following year he laid the foundation stone of the new Norman church and the site was rededicated to the Virgin Mary. The monks moved to York from a site at Lastingham in Ryedale in the 1080s. After a dispute and riot in 1132, a party of reform-minded monks left the abbey to establish the Cistercian monastery of Fountains Abbey. St Mary's Abbey was badly damaged by a great fire in 1137, the surviving ruins dating from a rebuilding programme begun in 1271 and finished by 1294. The abbey was valued at the then enormous sum of £2,000 a year in 1539, when the abbey was dissolved during the dissolution of the monasteries.<ref>This account is in all essentials based on [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Abbey,_York Wikipedia: St Mary's Abbey, York.]</ref>
+== Precinct ==
+The abbey occupied an extensive area immediately outside York city walls, between Bootham and the River Ouse. In the 1260s, a walled circuit was constructed above the original boundary, which had included a ditch and a narrow strip of ground. The walls, c. 1.2 km in length, were increased in height and crenellated in 1318. A stretch of the wall still runs along Bootham and Marygate to the Ouse.<ref name="para">This paragraph is a paraphrase of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Abbey,_York Wikipedia: St Mary's Abbey, York.]</ref>
+=== Gatehouse ===
+The gatehouse in Marygate and its lodge formed part of a range of buildings that linked the abbey to the older church of St Olave by a chapel dedicated to Mary. Work on the chapel and gatehouse was under way by 1314 and completed in 1320, but the surviving structures are mostly of fifteenth-century date.<ref name="para">This paragraph is a paraphrase of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Abbey,_York Wikipedia: St Mary's Abbey, York.]</ref>
+=== Abbey Church ===
+In order to fit within the site the abbey church was aligned northeast-southwest. Rebuilding began in 1270 and was completed within 24 years. The new abbey church was 110 m in length and consisted of a nave with aisles, north and south trancepts with chapels in an eastern aisle, and a presbytery with aisles. To the east of the cloister and on the line of the transepts were a vestibule leading to the chapter house, the scriptorium and library. Beyond the church lay the kitchen, the novices' building and infirmary.<ref name="para">This paragraph is a paraphrase of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Abbey,_York Wikipedia: St Mary's Abbey, York.]</ref>
+=== The Abbot's House or Lodge ===
+The abbot's house, built of brick in 1483, is now known as the King's Manor, a name which reflects the fact that it became the seat of the Council of the North in 1539.<ref name="para">This paragraph is a paraphrase of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Abbey,_York Wikipedia: St Mary's Abbey, York.]</ref>
+== The abbey in the Gest ==
+The impoverished knight befriended by Robin in the [[Gest of Robyn Hode]] borrows £400 from the outlaw to repay his debt to the abbot of St Mary's. A brief intermezzo involving the abbey porter must be imagined taking place at the Gatehouse. Then follows a scene in which the knight feigns poverty in order to test the character of his creditors: if they are civil and humane towards the supposedly defaulting debtor they will receive a little extra 'for courtesy', essentially the medieval equivalent of interest. Several high monastics and men of law are in leagues with the abbot, all except one treat the knight with condescension and indifference to his plight. There is no indication that this scene takes place at the abbot's lodge, but it should probably be imagined to be in some relatively private part of the large monastery to which only leading members of the community had access.
+== Quotations ==
+{{quote|[''Gest''; ''c.'' 1500:]<br/>
+My londes both sette to wedde Robyn<br/>
+Untyll a certayn day<br/>
+To a ryche abbot here besyde<br/>
+Of <keyword>Seynt Mari Abbey</keyword>.<ref>''[[Gest of Robyn Hode|Gest]]'', st. 54.</ref>}}
+{{quote|[''Gest''; ''c.'' 1500:]<br/>
+Then spake that gentyll knyght<br/>
+To Lytel Johnn gan he saye<br/>
+To-morowe I must to Yorke toune<br/>
+To <keyword>Saynt Mary abbay</keyword>.<ref>''[[Gest of Robyn Hode|Gest]]'', st. 84.</ref>}}
+{{quote|[''Gest''; ''c.'' 1500:]<br/>
+<keyword>Saynt Mary abbay</keyword> sayd the monke<br/>
+Though I be symple here<br/>
+In what offyce sayd Robyn<br/>
+Syr the hye selerer.<ref>''[[Gest of Robyn Hode|Gest]]'', st. 54.</ref>}}{{PlaceNamesItemAllusionsAndRecords}}
 == Gazetteers ==
 * Not included in {{:Dobson, Richard Barrie 1976a}}, pp. 293-311.
-<!--== Sources ==-->
+== Sources ==
+* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Abbey,_York Wikipedia: St Mary's Abbey, York.]
 == Maps ==
 * [https://maps.nls.uk/view/125637274#zoom=4&lat=4683&lon=10644&layers=BT 25" O.S. map ''Yorkshire'' CLXXIV.6 (1892; surveyed 1889)]
@@ Line 21: / Line 59: @@
 <!--== Discussion ==-->
 == Background ==
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Abbey,_York Wikipedia: St Mary's Abbey, York.]
+* {{:Clay, John William 1912a}}, 1, 2, 4, 5, 15, 18, 23, 63-64, 73-74, 75, 140, 148-49
+* [http://www.historyofyork.org.uk/themes/life-in-the-abbey History of York: Life in the Abbey.]
 <!--== Brief mention ==-->
-{{PnItemAlsoSee}}
+{{PlaceNamesItemAlsoSee}}
-<!--== Notes ==
-<references/>-->
+== Notes ==
+<references/>
 </div>
-{{ImgGalleryIntro}}
+<div id="gallery">
+{{ImageGalleryIntroduction}}
 <gallery widths="195px">
+File:Michael__Angelo__Rooker_-_St._Mary's_Abbey,_York_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|St. Mary's Abbey, York / [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_%22Angelo%22_Rooker_-_St._Mary%27s_Abbey,_York_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg Michael 'Angelo' Rooker (1746–1801), c. 1778; Creative Commons, via Wikipedia.]
+File:Photochrom Company Ltd, The 19xxj-r.jpg|{{:Photochrom Company Ltd, The 19xxj}} / HTN collection.
+File:Lilywhite Ltd 19xxb-r.jpg|{{:Lilywhite Ltd 19xxb}} / HTN collection.
+File:Scott, Walter (of Bradford) 1930a-r.jpg|{{:Scott, Walter (of Bradford) 1930a}} / HTN collection.
+File:B and R 19xxa-r.jpg|{{:B and R 19xxa}} / HTN collection.
+File:geograph-2228532-by-Alan-Walker.jpg|The ruins of St Mary's Abbey: The ruins of St Mary's Abbey, first built in 1088, are all that remain of one of the most powerful Benedictine monasteries in England and are located in the ten-acre botanical gardens / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2228532 Alan Walker, 1974, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-5211213-by-Jeff-Buck.jpg|The ruins of St Mary's Abbey, York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5211213 Jeff Buck, 10 Dec. 1978, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-2455585-by-David-Dixon.jpg|St Mary's Abbey: The ruins of the north wall of St Mary's Abbey, a ruined Benedictine abbey that lies in what are now the Yorkshire Museum Gardens / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2455585 David Dixon, 10 Jan. 1979, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-5474461-by-Philip-Halling.jpg|St Mary's Abbey, York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5474461 Philip Halling, 19 May 1980, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-809230-by-Gerald-England.jpg|St Mary's Abbey: The Ruins of St Mary's Abbey in the grounds of the Yorkshire Museum / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/809230 Gerald England, July 1999, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:Saintmarysruinssouth.jpg|Ruins of the abbey church from the southern end / [ Keir Gravil, 19 July 2006, Creative Commons, via Wikipedia.]
+File:geograph-676797-by-Matthew-Hatton.jpg|St. Mary's Watergate / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/676797 Matthew Hatton, 3 Feb. 2007, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-408066-by-Stanley-Howe.jpg|St Mary's Abbey ruins in Museum Gardens, York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/408066 Stanley Howe, 18 Apr. 2007, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-478411-by-Tony-Thomas.jpg|Entrance to St Mary's Abbey / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/478411 Tony Thomas, 22 June 2007, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:St_Marys_Abbey_Church_York.jpg|St Mary's Abbey Church, Museum Gardens, York: The ruins of part of the north and west walls that formed the nave and crossing / [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Abbey,_York#/media/File:St_Marys_Abbey_Church_York.jpg Kaly99, c. 5 Aug. 2007, Creative Commons, via Wikipedia.]
+File:geograph-885772-by-Kevin-Gordon.jpg|St Mary's Abbey Ruins, Museum Gardens, York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/885772 Kevin Gordon, 16 July 2008, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-1643323-by-Richard-Croft.jpg|Ruins of St.Mary's Abbey in York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1643323 Richard Croft, 16 Mar. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-1643316-by-Richard-Croft.jpg|St.Mary's Abbey / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1643316 Richard Croft,  16 Mar. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-1643292-by-Richard-Croft.jpg|St.Mary's Lodge: Lodge built from the remains of St.Mary's Abbey gatehouse / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1643292 Richard Croft, 16 Mar. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-1643191-by-Richard-Croft.jpg|St.Mary's Hospitium / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1643191 Richard Croft, 16 Mar. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-1643208-by-Richard-Croft.jpg|St Mary's Water Gate / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1643208 Richard Croft, 16 Mar. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-2986453-by-Christopher-Hilton.jpg|York: ruins of St Mary's Abbey / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2986453 Christopher Hilton, 26 Aug. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-1667373-by-Phil-Champion.jpg|Ruins of St Mary's Abbey church / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1667373 Phil Champion, 12 Dec. 2009.]
+File:geograph-1667359-by-Phil-Champion.jpg|Ruins of St Mary's Abbey Church: Arch on north-west side of central crossing. Most standing remains of the abbey church are at the north-west end / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1667359 Phil Champion, 12 Dec. 2009.]
+File:geograph-1667476-by-Phil-Champion.jpg|Ruin of St Mary's Abbey Church: The standing remains date from the rebuilding of the church in gothic style between 1270 and 1279. The Bendedictine abbey was founded in 1086 / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1667476 Phil Champion, 12 Dec. 2009, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-1713243-by-Michael-Jagger.jpg|Walls of St Mary's abbey / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1713243 Michael Jagger, 9 jan. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-1717559-by-Michael-Jagger.jpg|Remains of St Mary's Abbey, York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1717559 Michael Jagger, 20 Feb. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-1788055-by-DS-Pugh.jpg|St Mary's Abbey: Looking across the daffodils in the flower beds of Museum Gardens to St Mary's Abbey ruins / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1788055 D.S. Pugh, 27 Mar. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-1791154-by-David-Dixon.jpg|St Mary's Abbey, North Wall / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1791154 David Dixon, 4 Apr. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-1791150-by-David-Dixon.jpg|St Mary's Abbey / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1791150 David Dixon, 4 Apr. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-1791156-by-David-Dixon.jpg|St Mary's Abbey, West Wall / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1791156 David Dixon, 4 Apr. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-1791209-by-David-Dixon.jpg| / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1791209 David Dixon, 4 Apr. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-2215001-by-Phil-Champion.jpg|Gateway to former St Mary's Abbey, York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2215001 Phil Champion, 21 Nov. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-2214943-by-Phil-Champion.jpg|Scaffolding at the Hospitium - York Museum Gardens / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2214943 Phil Champion, 21 Nov. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-2214990-by-Phil-Champion.jpg|Base of column - ruins of St Mary's Abbey Church, York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2214990 Phil Champion, 21 Nov. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-2215064-by-Phil-Champion.jpg|Precinct wall of St Mary's Abbey, Marygate / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2215064 Phil Champion, 21 Nov. 2010, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-2427511-by-Jonathan-Thacker.jpg|Water Tower, St. Mary's Abbey: Licence to crenellate was granted to St. Mary's Abbey in 1318 and this tower by the river dates from soon after that / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2427511 Jonathan Thacker, 10 May 2011, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-2803708-by-Pauline-E.jpg|Ruins of the abbey church / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/2803708 Pauline E, 12 Feb. 2012, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-3783466-by-edward-mcmaihin.jpg|St Mary's Abbey York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3783466 Edward-McMaihin, 22 July 2013, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-3681760-by-Pauline-E.jpg|Abbey ruins / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3681760 Pauline E, 29 Sep. 2013, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-4058391-by-David-Dixon.jpg|St Mary's Tower / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4058391 David Dixon, 29 June, 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-4057604-by-David-Dixon.jpg|St Mary's Abbey Tower: One of the ruined towers of St Mary's Abbey / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4057604 David Dixon, 29 June 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
 File:geograph-4137517-by-Dr-Neil-Clifton.jpg|St Mary's Abbey, York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4137517 Neil Clifton, 4 Aug. 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-4137513-by-Dr-Neil-Clifton.jpg|York: St. Mary's Abbey: part of the Hospitium / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/4137513 Neil Clifton, 4 Aug. 2014, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-5322958-by-PAUL-FARMER.jpg|St. Mary's Abbey: The Abbey of St Mary is a ruined Benedictine abbey in what are now the Yorkshire Museum Gardens / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5322958 Paul Farmer, 21 Mar. 2017, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-5322952-by-PAUL-FARMER.jpg|St. Mary's Abbey: The Abbey of St Mary is a ruined Benedictine abbey in what are now the Yorkshire Museum Gardens / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5322952 Paul Farmer, 25 Mar. 2017, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-5353277-by-Roy-Hughes.jpg|Ruins of St Mary's Abbey York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5353277 Roy Hughes, 15 Apr. 2017, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-5486970-by-Ian-Capper.jpg|St Mary's Tower: Tower on the corner of Marygate and Bootham, part of the walls of St Mary's Abbey, the whole site being grade I listed / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5486970 Ian Capper, 10 July 2017, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-5675014-by-Jonathan-Hutchins.jpg|St Mary's Abbey remains: Precinct walls / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5675014 Jonathan Hutchins, 1 Dec. 2017, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-5689308-by-Mike-Faherty.jpg|York, abbey ruins / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5689308 Mike Faherty, 19 Feb. 2018, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-5689199-by-Mike-Faherty.jpg|York, King's Manor: On the site of the residence of the abbot of St. Mary's, rebuilt in C15, later to be headquarters of the Council of the North; later, a school for the blind, now part of the University of York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5689199 Mike Faherty, 19 Feb. 2018, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-5716681-by-Richard-Humphrey.jpg|The ruined abbey of St Mary in York / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5716681 Richard Humphrey, 20 Mar. 2018, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-6043892-by-Phil-Champion.jpg|Artists' Garden at rear of York Art Gallery: This area at the rear of the art gallery was part of the precinct of St Mary's Abbey  / [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/6043892 Phil Champion, 19 Nov. 2018, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
+File:geograph-6130954-by-Gerald-England.jpg|Remains of St Mary's Abbey [https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/6130954 Gerald England, 14 Apr. 2019, Creative Commons, via Geograph.]
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