Robin Hood's Butts (Canon Pyon) (1)
Locality | |
---|---|
Coordinate | 52.141226, -2.798408 |
Adm. div. | Herefordshire |
Vicinity | In Canon Pyon, c. 150 m W of the A4110 |
Type | Natural feature |
Interest | Robin Hood name |
Status | Extant |
First Record | 1802 |
A.k.a. | Pyon Hill; Canon Pyon Butt; the Pyons |
By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2018-02-12. Revised by Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2021-01-07.
'Robin Hood's Butts' is an alternative name of the Pyons, two conically shaped natural hills[1] in Canon Pyon, Herefordshire. Pyon Hill, the larger and easternmost of the two, is located c. 150 m west of the A4110, while its smaller cousin, Butthouse Knap, is located c. 300 m WSW of Pyon Hill. They are situated c. 4.75 and c. 3.6 km southeast of Weobley and c. 10.5 km SSE of Pembridge. The name 'Robin Hood's Butts' is first recorded in 1802.
George Lipscomb in his Journey into South Wales (see 1802 Allusion below) notes that "Robin Hood's Butts, a little detached eminence, stands in the midst of a beautiful plain, called Pembridge bottom". In view of the plural form, it is surprising that he apparently took "Robin Hood's Butts" to refer to a single "eminence", and if "Pembridge bottom" ever had any currency as a place-name, it must be said that it has left no trace on any of the maps of the area that I have consulted (including those listed in the Maps section below), neither does it occur as a field name.[2] When I asked Google Earth to take me to "Pembridge Bottom, Herefordshire" it decided I meant "Lower Bearwood" (i.e. Lower Barewood), c. 1 km south of Pembridge. I am not sure if this is significant; it may simply reflect the proximity of Lower Barewood to Pembridge and the similarity in sense of "Lower" to "Bottom". I have seen no other evidence for hills named Robin Hood's Butts in that neighbourhood or indeed anywhere in Herefordshire except in Canon Pyon. I believe Lipscomb intended to refer to one (or just possibly both) of the latter. The promontory Lady Lift which he mentions is in Yazor, c. 4.2 km WSW of Butthouse Knap, the westernmost of the Pyons. There is no Pembridge Bottom in Canon Pyon or neighbouring villages, but Lipscomb would not be the first travel writer to have lost his bearings. The concise entry in the 1824 edition of Patersons' Roads is more well-informed: "[In] West Hope. The conical hills called Robin Hood's Butts; and about 1 m. beyond Hide Field",[3] i.e. Hyde Field, c. 2.5 km north of the Pyons.
Etiological myths
Various myths of origin attach to Robin Hood's Butts:
- Robin Hood stood on one of the butts and shot an arrow a) on to the top of the other,[4] or b) into a tree on top of the other.[5]
- Robin Hood made a wager with Little John that he could jump over Wormesley Hill. As he performed this feat, he kicked a piece out of the hill with his heel. Thus Butthouse Knapp came into being. Little John, trying to outdo his master, took a longer run but also touched the hill with his foot. Thus Pyon Hill was created.[6]
- Provoked by the piety of the people of Hereford, the Devil, planning to bury or drown the city, took two sacks with earth from Dinmore Hill, but rather than covering the city, the contents of the sacks came to be deposited where the Pyons are now found because a) a holy man persuaded the Devil that the people of Hereford were wicked after all or b) the cock crew and the Devil emptied his sacks where he stood.[5]
Traditions similar to #1 are connected with Whitby Abbey and localities in its vicinity as well as with Limlow Hill (Litlington) and two nearby localities. Traditions somewhat similar to #2 relate to the Standing Stone in Sowerby. Also see Robin Hood's Penny Stone (Wainstalls).
Allusions
1802 - Lipscomb, George - Journey into South Wales
We made an excursion to visit Weobley encampment; and an unusually fine morning gave us an opportunity of seeing it to great advantage.
It is placed on the summit of a proud eminence, which overtops the neighbouring country, and frowns defiance at the huge ridges, which every where raise themselves around it.
Even if the antiquity of this camp did not recommend it to the notice of the curious, the delightful prospect which it commands would render it an object well worthy of attention to the
contemplative traveller.
To the south-east, the eye stretches as far as May Hill, in Gloucestershire: and the city of Hereford is only hidden by the intervention of a range of hills, which terminates in the remarkable promontory of Lady-lift before mentioned. Skerrit, in Monmouthshire, and the Black Mountains, whose summits were wrapped in snow, enclose the prospect on the south; and the Radnorshire hills, in a vast variety of shapes, on the west and north-west, are objects highly striking and picturesque. [p. 98:]
Robin Hood's Butts, a little detached eminence, stands in the midst of a beautiful plain, called Pembridge bottom. The Earl of Oxford's seat, at Eywood, is seen in the valley below, sheltered and embosomed among rich woods and plantations; and on the north, the town of Presteign, with the villas at Broad-heath and Stapleton, seems lying at the foot of this stupendous height.[7]
2001 - Rickman, Phil - The Cure of Souls (1)
Allan Henry's sitting room had one wall that was all plate glass, perhaps forty feet long. It had wide green views across to one of the conical, wooded humps known as Robin Hood's Butts. Appropriately, according to legend, the Butts had been dumped there by the Devil, making him Hereford's first sporadic developer.[8]
2001 - Rickman, Phil - The Cure of Souls (2)
'Mr Henry, all I'm concerned about – ' she wished she was the other side of the plate glass; she would run and run, all the way to Robin Hood's Butts ' – is kids dabbling with the dead. That kind of worries me. I can't stop them. All I can do is advise them that they could be messing with something that can't easily be controlled.'[9]
Gazetteers
- Dobson, R. B., ed.; Taylor, J., ed. Rymes of Robyn Hood: an Introduction to the English Outlaw (London, 1976), p. 298, s.n. Robin Hoods' Butts.
Sources
- Crawford, O. G. S. 'Place-Names and Archaeology', chapter VIII in: Mawer, A.; Stenton, F.M. Introduction to the Survey of English Place-Names (English Place-Name Society, vol. I, pt. 1). (Cambridge, 1924), pp. 143-64; see p. 159
- Smith, A.H. English Place-Name Elements. Reprinted (English Place-Name Society, vols. XXV-XXVI) (Cambridge, 1970), pt. I, p. 165 s.n. butt2, b.
Maps
- 25" O.S. map Herefordshire XXVI.1 (1887; rev. 1886)
- 25" O.S. map Herefordshire XXVI.5 (1904; rev. 1902)
- 25" O.S. map Herefordshire XXVI.5 (1904; rev. 1902) (georeferenced)
- 6" O.S. map Herefordshire XXVI.NW 1886; surveyed 1886)
- 6" O.S. map Herefordshire XXVI.NW (1905; rev. 1902)
- 6" O.S. map Herefordshire XXVI.NW (1905; rev. 1902) (georeferenced)
- 6" O.S. map Herefordshire XXVI.NW (1952; rev. 1945)
- 1" O.S. map Hereford (Hills), Sheet 128 (1898; rev. 1897) (georeferenced)
- 1" O.S. map Hereford (Outline), Sheet 128 (1898; rev. 1897) (georeferenced)
- O.S. 1:25,000 SO44 (1956; surveyed 1945) (georeferenced)
- O.S. 1" Hereford (7th Ser.) (1960; surveyed 1944-60) (georeferenced)
- 1:1 million-1:10K O.S. SO 454495 (1900s) (georeferenced)
- 1:1m to 1:63K (1920s–1940s) SO439490 (georeferenced)
- Bartholomew 1/2" Hereford Sheet 23 (1902) (georeferenced)
- Bartholomew 1/2" Wye Valley Sheet 13 (1944) (georeferenced).
Discussion
- BBC: Domesday Reloaded: D-block GB-344000-249000: 1986, Folk Lore,Canon Pyon Area
- Leather, Ella Mary. 'Folk-Lore of the Shire', in: Reade, Compton, ed. Memorials of Old Herefordshire (London and Derby, 1904), pp. 148-66; see p. 163
- Leather, Ella Mary. The Folk-Lore of Herefordshire, collected from Oral and Printed Sources (Hereford; London, 1912), p. ?
- [Nicholson, George, ed.]. The Cambrian Traveller's Guide, in Every Direction; containing Remarks made during Many Excursions, in the Principality of Wales, and Bordering Districts, augmented by Extracts from the Best Writers. Second edition, corrected and considerably enlarged (Stourport and London, 1813), col. 1116. A slightly expanded paraphrase of the 1802 Allusion cited above
- Symonds, W.S. 'The Old Red Sandstone of Herefordshire', in: Moore, H. Cecil, compil. Transactions of the Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club. (Established 1851), 1852 to 1865 (Hereford, 1907), pp. 114-19; see p. 115
- Watkins, Alfred. The Old Straight Track: its Mounds, Beacons, Moats, Sites, and Mark Stones. 4th ed. (London, 1948), pp. 171, 178 (also editions of 1925, 1933, 1946, 1970, 1974, 1975, 1977, and 2014).
Background
Brief mention
Also see
- Canon Pyon place-name cluster
- Places named Robin Hood's Butts
- Whitby Abbey
- Limlow Hill (Litlington)
- Standing Stone (Sowerby)
- Robin Hood's Penny Stone (Wainstalls).
Notes
- ↑ Crawford, O. G. S. 'Place-Names and Archaeology', chapter VIII in: Mawer, A.; Stenton, F.M. Introduction to the Survey of English Place-Names (English Place-Name Society, vol. I, pt. 1). (Cambridge, 1924), pp. 143-64; see p. 159.
- ↑ Herefordshire Through Time: Field name and landowners results: Pembridge.
- ↑ [Paterson, Daniel]; Mogg, Edward. Paterson's Roads; being an Entirely Original and Accurate Description of All the Direct and Principal Cross Roads in England and Wales, with Part of the Roads of Scotland, The Sixteenth Edition. To which are added Topographical Sketches of the Several Cities, Market Towns, and Remarkable Villages; and Descriptive Accounts of the Principal Seats of the Nobility and Gentry, the Antiquities, Natural Curiosities, and other Remarkable Objects throughout the Kingdom: the Whole remodelled, augmented, and improved, by the Addition of Numerous New Roads and New Admeasurements, and arranged upon a Plan at Once Novel, Clear, and Intelligible, is deduced from the Latest and Best Authorities, including a Table of Heights of Mountains from the Grand Trigonometrical Survey of the Kingdom, and an Entirely New Set of Maps (London, 1822), p. 142, s.n. West Hope.
- ↑ Leather, Ella Mary. 'Folk-Lore of the Shire', in: Reade, Compton, ed. Memorials of Old Herefordshire (London and Derby, 1904), pp. 148-66; see pp. 162-63.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 BBC: Domesday Reloaded: D-block GB-344000-249000: 1986, Folk Lore,Canon Pyon Area. Also see Leather, Ella Mary. The Folk-Lore of Herefordshire, collected from Oral and Printed Sources (Hereford; London, 1912), p. ?
- ↑ BBC: Domesday Reloaded: D-block GB-344000-249000: 1986, Folk Lore,Canon Pyon Area. Watkins, Alfred. The Old Straight Track: its Mounds, Beacons, Moats, Sites, and Mark Stones. 4th ed. (London, 1948), pp. 171, 178 (also editions of 1925, 1933, 1946, 1970, 1974, 1975, 1977, and 2014). Also see Leather, Ella Mary. The Folk-Lore of Herefordshire, collected from Oral and Printed Sources (Hereford; London, 1912), p. ?
- ↑ Lipscomb, George. Journey into South Wales, through the Counties of Oxford, Warwick, Worcester, Hereford, Salop, Stafford, Buckingham, and Hertford; in the Year 1799 (London, 1802), pp. 97-98.
- ↑ Rickman, Phil. The Cure of Souls (London; Basingstoke; Oxford. 2002), p. 385.
- ↑ Rickman, Phil. The Cure of Souls (London; Basingstoke; Oxford. 2002), p. 391.
Image gallery
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Pyon Hill, the easternmost of the Robin Hood's Butts in Canon Pyon / Philip Pankhurst, 4 Jul. 2011, Creative Commons.
Pyon Hill / Jonathan Billinger, 8 Jan. 2016
Pyon Hill / Adam Buckley, 7 Aug. 2005
Pyon Hill / Jonathan Billinger, 8 Jan. 2016
Pyon Hill / Richard Webb, 1 Jul. 2014