Hereward the Wake: Difference between revisions
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<p id="byline">By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2013-07-15. Revised by {{#realname:{{REVISIONUSER}}}}, {{REVISIONYEAR}}-{{REVISIONMONTH}}-{{REVISIONDAY2}}.</p> | {{#vardefine:topicCategory|British analogues}}{{#vardefine:topicPath|Analogues#british}}{{#vardefine:subjectCategory|Analogues-topics}}{{#vardefine:subjectPath|Analogues}}<div class="no-img"><p id="byline">By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2013-07-15. Revised by {{#realname:{{REVISIONUSER}}}}, {{REVISIONYEAR}}-{{REVISIONMONTH}}-{{REVISIONDAY2}}.</p> | ||
Hereward the Wake (c. 1035–1072), Hereward the Outlaw, Hereward the Exile or Hereward the Saxon, was a leader of Anglo-Danish resistance against the Norman invasion. His base was in the Isle of Ely and surrounding areas, North Cambridgeshire, South Lincolnshire and West Norfolk. The primary sources for our knwoledge of Hereward and his deeds are the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', ''Domesday Book'', ''Liber Eliensis'' and, especially, the ''Gesta Herwardi''. Written in the first third of the 12th cent., the latter was based on a now lost Old English text. It details the birth, upbringing and career of Hereward. The tale is a mixture of fantastic events in distant lands and more down to earth accounts of guerilla warfare in the Fens. In the mix are also tales of trickery, ruse and disguise that often foreshadow the tales of Robin Hood and other outlaws. | Hereward the Wake (c. 1035–1072), Hereward the Outlaw, Hereward the Exile or Hereward the Saxon, was a leader of Anglo-Danish resistance against the Norman invasion. His base was in the Isle of Ely and surrounding areas, North Cambridgeshire, South Lincolnshire and West Norfolk. The primary sources for our knwoledge of Hereward and his deeds are the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'', ''Domesday Book'', ''Liber Eliensis'' and, especially, the ''Gesta Herwardi''. Written in the first third of the 12th cent., the latter was based on a now lost Old English text. It details the birth, upbringing and career of Hereward. The tale is a mixture of fantastic events in distant lands and more down to earth accounts of guerilla warfare in the Fens. In the mix are also tales of trickery, ruse and disguise that often foreshadow the tales of Robin Hood and other outlaws. | ||
== Editions == | |||
=== Translations === | |||
==== English ==== | |||
* {{:Swanton, Michael 1998a}} | * {{:Swanton, Michael 1998a}} | ||
* {{:Swanton, Michael 2000a}} | * {{:Swanton, Michael 2000a}} | ||
* {{:Swanton, Michael 2005a}} | * {{:Swanton, Michael 2005a}} | ||
==== Italian ==== | |||
* {{:Meneghetti, Alberto 2013a}}. | * {{:Meneghetti, Alberto 2013a}}. | ||
=== Studies and criticism === | === Studies and criticism === | ||
* {{:Crosland, Jessie 1959a}}. Includes discussion of Hereward. | |||
* {{:Dalton, Paul 2009a}} | * {{:Dalton, Paul 2009a}} | ||
* {{:Harlan-Haughey, Sarah 2016a}}. See especially ch. 2, "Hereward" (pp. 69-100) and as per index ''s.n.'' Hereward | * {{:Harlan-Haughey, Sarah 2016a}}. See especially ch. 2, "Hereward" (pp. 69-100) and as per index ''s.n.'' Hereward | ||
* {{:Hart, Cyril 1974a}} | |||
* {{:Jones, Timothy Scott 2002b}} | * {{:Jones, Timothy Scott 2002b}} | ||
* {{:Noack, Georg 1914a}} | |||
* {{:Rex, Peter 2005a}} | * {{:Rex, Peter 2005a}} | ||
** {{:Rex, Peter 2007a}} | ** {{:Rex, Peter 2007a}} | ||
** {{:Rex, Peter 2013a}} | ** {{:Rex, Peter 2013a}} | ||
* {{:Trollope, Edward 1861a}} | * {{:Rex, Peter 2006b}} | ||
* {{:Trollope, Edward 1861a}} | |||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereward_the_Wake Wikipedia: Hereward the Wake] | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereward_the_Wake Wikipedia: Hereward the Wake] | ||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesta_Herwardi Wikipedia: Gesta Herewardi] | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesta_Herwardi Wikipedia: Gesta Herewardi] | ||
* {{:Wilson, Richard Middlewood 1933a}}; see pp. 29-32. | |||
== Prose adaptations == | |||
* {{:Harding, Robert 1935a}}, pp. ?-? | |||
== Brief mention == | |||
* {{:Anonymous 1881a}} | |||
* {{:Bushnell, George H 1930a}} | |||
* {{:Constable, J Goulton 1881a}} | |||
* {{:Constable, J Goulton 1882a}} | |||
* {{:Constable, J Goulton 1882b}} | |||
* {{:Ellis, A S 1881a}} | |||
* {{:Ellis, A S 1882a}} | |||
* {{:H, C J 1881a}} | |||
* {{:Malet, Harold 1881a}} | |||
* {{:Gladwin, Irene 1974a}}; see pp. 181, 185. | * {{:Gladwin, Irene 1974a}}; see pp. 181, 185. | ||
* {{:Gover, John Eric Bruce 1933a}}, pp. 193-94; under the heading "Newton Bromswold", discusses "Bruneswald", one of the areas where Hereward operated according to the ''Gesta Herewardi'' and Geoffrey Gaimar's ''Lestoire des Engles'', concluding that this clearly was "originally a large area, probably of woodland, on the borders of Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire. It seems to have included Leighton, Lutton and Newton within its borders. The name means the '<b>weald</b> of a man named <i>Brūn</i>,' with [...] gradual transition of sense in the word <b>weald</b> from woodland to open country". | * {{:Gover, John Eric Bruce 1933a}}, pp. 193-94; under the heading "Newton Bromswold", discusses "Bruneswald", one of the areas where Hereward operated according to the ''Gesta Herewardi'' and Geoffrey Gaimar's ''Lestoire des Engles'', concluding that this clearly was "originally a large area, probably of woodland, on the borders of Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire. It seems to have included Leighton, Lutton and Newton within its borders. The name means the '<b>weald</b> of a man named <i>Brūn</i>,' with [...] gradual transition of sense in the word <b>weald</b> from woodland to open country". | ||
* {{:Wake, H 1924a}} | |||
* {{:Waterton, Edmund 1882a}} | |||
* {{:Waterton, Edmund 1882b}} | |||
* {{:White-Winton, Meryon 1906a}}. | |||
== Background == | |||
* {{:Cockerton, R W P 1960a}}. | |||
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[[Category:British analogues]] | [[Category:British analogues]] | ||
[[Category:Analogues-topics]] | [[Category:Analogues-topics]] | ||
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Revision as of 18:05, 26 April 2021
By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2013-07-15. Revised by Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2021-04-26.
Hereward the Wake (c. 1035–1072), Hereward the Outlaw, Hereward the Exile or Hereward the Saxon, was a leader of Anglo-Danish resistance against the Norman invasion. His base was in the Isle of Ely and surrounding areas, North Cambridgeshire, South Lincolnshire and West Norfolk. The primary sources for our knwoledge of Hereward and his deeds are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Domesday Book, Liber Eliensis and, especially, the Gesta Herwardi. Written in the first third of the 12th cent., the latter was based on a now lost Old English text. It details the birth, upbringing and career of Hereward. The tale is a mixture of fantastic events in distant lands and more down to earth accounts of guerilla warfare in the Fens. In the mix are also tales of trickery, ruse and disguise that often foreshadow the tales of Robin Hood and other outlaws.
Editions
Translations
English
- Swanton, Michael, transl. 'The Deeds of Hereward', in: Ohlgren, Thomas H., ed. Medieval Outlaws: Ten Tales in Modern English (Stroud, 1998), pp. 12-60, 293-99
- Swanton, Michael. 'The Deeds of Hereward', in: Ohlgren, Thomas H., ed. A Book of Medieval Outlaws: Ten Tales in Modern English (Stroud, 2000), pp. 12-60, 293-99
- Swanton, Michael. 'The Deeds of Hereward', in: Ohlgren, Thomas H., ed. Medieval Outlaws: Twelve Tales in Modern English Translation. Revised and Expanded Edition (Anderson, SC, 2005), pp. 28-99
Italian
Studies and criticism
- Crosland, Jessie. Outlaws in Fact and Fiction (London, 1959). Includes discussion of Hereward.
- Dalton, Paul. 'The Outlaw Hereward "the Wake": His Companions and Enemies', in: Appleby, John C., ed.; Dalton, Paul, ed. Outlaws in Medieval and Early Modern England: Crime, Government and Society C. 1066–c. 1600 (Farnham, Surrey, 2009), pp. 7-36
- Harlan-Haughey, Sarah; Coote, Lesley A., ser. ed.; Kaufman, Alexander L., ser. ed. The Ecology of the English Outlaw in Medieval Literature: From Fen to Greenwood / Sarah Harlan-Haughey (Outlaws in Literature, History, and Culture, [vol. I]) (London [recte: Abingdon, Oxfordshire] and New York, 2016). See especially ch. 2, "Hereward" (pp. 69-100) and as per index s.n. Hereward
- Hart, Cyril. "Hereward 'the Wake'", Proceedings of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, vol. LXV, part 2 (1974), pp. 28-40
- Jones, Timothy S. 'Fighting Men, Fighting Monsters: Outlawry, Masculinity and Identity in the Gesta Herewardi', in: Jones, Timothy S., ed.; Sprunger, David A., ed. Monsters, Marvels, and Miracles (Kalamazoo, 2002), pp. 187-206
- Noack, Georg. Sagenhistorische Untersuchungen zu den Gesta Herwardi: Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Hohen Philosophischen Fakultät der Vereinigten Friederichs-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (Halle, 1914)
- Rex, Peter. Hereward: the last Englishman (Stroud, 2005)
- Rex, Peter. Hereward: Outlaw and Hero ([Ely], [2006?])
- Trollope, Edward. 'Hereward, the Saxon Patriot', Associated Architectural Societies' Reports and Papers, vol. VI (1861-1862), p. 1-18
- Wikipedia: Hereward the Wake
- Wikipedia: Gesta Herewardi
- Wilson, R. M. 'Lost Literature in Old and Middle English', Leeds Studies in English, vol. 2 (1933). pp. 14-37; see pp. 29-32.
Prose adaptations
Brief mention
- Anonymous. 'Hereward le Wake', Notes & Queries, Series 6, vol. III (1881), p. 368
- Bushnell, George H. 'Hereward the Wake', Notes & Queries, vol. CLIX (1930), pp. 346-47
- Constable, J. Goulton. 'Hereward Le Wake', Notes & Queries, Series 6, vol. III (1881), p. 368
- Constable, J. Goulton. 'Hereward Le Wake: The Countess Lucy', Notes & Queries, Series 6, vol. V (1882), p. 313
- Constable, J. Goulton. 'Hereward Le Wake: The Countess Lucy', Notes & Queries, Series 6, vol. VI (1882), p. 196
- Ellis, A.S. 'Hereward Le Wake: the Countess Lucy', Notes & Queries, Series 6, vol. IV (1881), pp. 69-70
- Ellis, A.S. 'Hereward Le Wake: The Countess Lucy', Notes & Queries, Series 6, vol. V (1882), p. 313
- H., C. J. 'Hereward le Wake', Notes & Queries, Series 6, vol. IV (1881), p. 456
- Malet, Harold. 'Hereward Le Wake: the Countess Lucy', Notes & Queries, Series 6, vol. IV (1881), p. 136
- Gladwin, Irene. 'The Norman Sheriff', History Today, vol. 24 (1974), pp. 180-88; see pp. 181, 185.
- Gover, J.E.B.; Mawer, A.; Stenton, F.M. The Place-Names of Northamptonshire (English Place-Name Society, vol. X) (Cambridge, 1933), pp. 193-94; under the heading "Newton Bromswold", discusses "Bruneswald", one of the areas where Hereward operated according to the Gesta Herewardi and Geoffrey Gaimar's Lestoire des Engles, concluding that this clearly was "originally a large area, probably of woodland, on the borders of Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire. It seems to have included Leighton, Lutton and Newton within its borders. The name means the 'weald of a man named Brūn,' with [...] gradual transition of sense in the word weald from woodland to open country".
- Wake, H. 'Kingsley's Hereward the Wake', Notes & Queries, vol. CXLVI (1924), p. 67
- Waterton, Edmund. 'Hereward Le Wake: The Countess Lucy', Notes & Queries, Series 6, vol. V (1882), p. 257
- Waterton, Edmund. 'Hereward Le Wake The Countess Lucy', Notes & Queries, Series 6, vol. VI (1882), pp. 30-31
- White-Winton, Meryon. 'Hereward, the Last of the Saxons: Johannis de Burgo', Notes & Queries, Series 10, vol. VI (1906), p. 408.
Background