Cumberland place-names: Difference between revisions

From International Robin Hood Bibliography
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{{Infobox
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<p id="byline">By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2017-02-21. Revised by {{#realname:{{REVISIONUSER}}}}, {{REVISIONYEAR}}-{{REVISIONMONTH}}-{{REVISIONDAY2}}.</p>
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<div id="ctyMapLegend">Localities named after Robin Hood (or members of his band) in Cumberland. Click locality marker for link to locality page. Historic county boundary coordinates provided by the [http://www.county-borders.co.uk/ Historic Counties Trust].</div>
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<div id="navMapLegend">English counties with Robin Hood-related localities. Click marker for link. Historic county boundary coordinates provided by the [http://www.county-borders.co.uk/ Historic Counties Trust].</div>
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<p id="byline">By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2017-02-21. Revised by {{#realname:{{REVISIONUSER}}}}, {{REVISIONYEAR}}-{{REVISIONMONTH}}-{{REVISIONDAY2}}.</p><div class="no-img">
<div id="flaggy">[[file:flag-cumberland.png]]</div>
__TOC__
__TOC__
=== County description ===
== County description ==
The Historic Counties Trust describes Cumberland as follows:
The Historic Counties Trust describes Cumberland as follows:
<div class="blockthorny"><p>Cumberland must be looked at in two parts, a highland area and a lowland, coastal area. The hills of Cumberland form a great part of the exquisite Lake District. Derwentwater, Buttermere and Crummockwater, Ennerdale Water, Wast Water, and part of Ullswater lie in Cumberland. Above them rise mountains, including England's highest mountain, Scafell Pike (3,210 feet). Also within Cumberland are Scafell, Skiddaw, Great Gable and Pillar. This is prime walking country for hardy souls. Beyond the green Eden valley, the Penines cross the east of Cumberland, with Cross Pell, 2,930 feet, the highest. In the north is Carlisle, a cathedral city, whose massive castle and fortifications against the Scots still dominate much of the town. In the rest of Cumberland fortified churches and "peel houses" are found, built as a defence not so much against the Scots as against reivers, who terrorised the border country before the Union. Cumberland's coast has industrial towns, though industry has faded, leaving urban deprivation a problem, particularly in Whitehaven which was once a major port for the Atlantic trade. The Sellafield nuclear power station at Seascale is a major employer.</p>
<div class="blockthorny"><p>Cumberland must be looked at in two parts, a highland area and a lowland, coastal area. The hills of Cumberland form a great part of the exquisite Lake District. Derwentwater, Buttermere and Crummockwater, Ennerdale Water, Wast Water, and part of Ullswater lie in Cumberland. Above them rise mountains, including England's highest mountain, Scafell Pike (3,210 feet). Also within Cumberland are Scafell, Skiddaw, Great Gable and Pillar. This is prime walking country for hardy souls. Beyond the green Eden valley, the Penines cross the east of Cumberland, with Cross Pell, 2,930 feet, the highest. In the north is Carlisle, a cathedral city, whose massive castle and fortifications against the Scots still dominate much of the town. In the rest of Cumberland fortified churches and "peel houses" are found, built as a defence not so much against the Scots as against reivers, who terrorised the border country before the Union. Cumberland's coast has industrial towns, though industry has faded, leaving urban deprivation a problem, particularly in Whitehaven which was once a major port for the Atlantic trade. The Sellafield nuclear power station at Seascale is a major employer.</p>
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'''Highlights:''' Carlile Castle & Cathedral; Castellrigg & Long Meg and her Daughters stone circles; Hadrien's Wall; Scafell Pike.<br/>
'''Highlights:''' Carlile Castle & Cathedral; Castellrigg & Long Meg and her Daughters stone circles; Hadrien's Wall; Scafell Pike.<br/>
'''Highest Point:''' Scafell Pike, {{FeetToM|3210}} m.<br/>
'''Highest Point:''' Scafell Pike, {{FeetToM|3210}} m.<br/>
'''Area:''' {{SquareMilesToKm2|1516}} km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>[http://www.county-borders.co.uk/ The Historic Counties Trust] has kindly allowed me to quote its [http://www.county-borders.co.uk/historiccountiestrust/descriptions.html county descriptions] ''in toto''. I have converted square miles to km<sup>2</sup> and feet to m.</ref></p></div>
'''Area:''' {{SquareMilesToKm2|1516}} km<sup>2</sup>.<ref>[http://www.county-borders.co.uk/ The Historic Counties Trust] has kindly allowed me to quote its [http://www.county-borders.co.uk/historiccountiestrust/descriptions.html county descriptions] ''in toto''. I have converted square miles to km<sup>2</sup> and feet to meters.</ref></p></div>
=== Chronology ===
 
<!-- === 12th century ===
{{PnAdmDivChronology}}
Robin Hood-related place-names first documented in the 12th century.
== Lists and gazetteers ==
<div class="century">{{#ask:[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] AND [[Category:12th century]]| format=ul| columns=2|limit=1000|sort=Utitle}}</div>
=== 13th century ===
Robin Hood-related place-names first documented in the 13th century.
<div class="century">{{#ask:[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] AND [[Category:13th century]]| format=ul| columns=2|limit=1000|sort=Utitle}}</div>
==== 14th century ====
Robin Hood-related place-names first documented in the 14th century.
<div class="century">{{#ask:[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] AND [[Category:14th century]]| format=ul| columns=2|limit=1000|sort=Utitle}}</div>
==== 15th century ====
Robin Hood-related place-names first documented in the 15th century.
<div class="century">{{#ask:[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] AND [[Category:15th century]]| format=ul| columns=2|limit=1000|sort=Utitle}}</div>
==== 16th century ====
Robin Hood-related place-names first documented in the 16th century.
<div class="century">{{#ask:[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] AND [[Category:16th century]]| format=ul| columns=2|limit=1000|sort=Utitle}}</div>
==== 17th century ====
Robin Hood-related place-names first documented in the 17th century.
<div class="century">{{#ask:[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] AND [[Category:17th century]]| format=ul| columns=2|limit=1000|sort=Utitle}}</div>
==== 18th century ====
Robin Hood-related place-names first documented in the 18th century.
<div class="century">{{#ask:[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] AND [[Category:18th century]]| format=ul| columns=2|limit=1000|sort=Utitle}}</div>-->
==== 19th century ====
Robin Hood-related place-names first documented in the 19th century.
<div class="century">{{#ask:[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] AND [[Category:19th century]]| format=ul| columns=2|limit=1000|sort=Utitle}}</div>
<!--==== 20th century ====
Robin Hood-related place-names first documented in the 20th century.
<div class="century">{{#ask:[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] AND [[Category:20th century]]| format=ul| columns=2|limit=1000|sort=Utitle}}</div>
==== 21st century ====
Robin Hood-related place-names first documented in the 21st century.
<div class="century">{{#ask:[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] AND [[Category:21st century]]| format=ul| columns=2|limit=1000|sort=Utitle}}</div>
==== Unknown century ====
Robin Hood-related place-names whose century of first occurrence is unknown.
<div class="century">{{#ask:[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] AND [[Category:Unknown century]]| format=ul| columns=2|limit=1000|sort=Utitle}}</div>-->
=== All localities ===
<div class="century">{{#ask:[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]| format=ul| columns=2|limit=1000|sort=Utitle}}</div>
=== Place-name clusters ===
Clusters of Robin Hood place-names, localities with local traditions, literary locales etc. in {{#replace:{{#replace:{{PAGENAME}}| place-names|}}||}}.
<div class="century">{{#ask: [[Category:{{#replace:{{PAGENAME}}|place-names|}}place-name clusters]]|format=ul|link=none|template=PnCluster|columns=2|limit=1000|searchlabel=|sort=Utitle}}</div>
=== Lists and gazetteers ===
* {{:Dobson, Richard Barrie 1976a}}, p. 295
* {{:Dobson, Richard Barrie 1976a}}, p. 295
* {{:Armstrong, A M 1971a}}.
* {{:Armstrong, A M 1971a}}.


=== Background ===
== Background ==
* [http://www.county-borders.co.uk/historiccountiestrust/descriptions.html The Historic Counties Trust: Historic Counties Descriptions]
* [http://www.county-borders.co.uk/historiccountiestrust/descriptions.html The Historic Counties Trust: Historic Counties Descriptions]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland Wikipedia: Cumberland].
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumberland Wikipedia: Cumberland].


=== Notes ===
== Neighbours ==
* [[Durham place-names|Durham]]
* [[Northumberland place-names|Northumberland]]
* [[Westmorland place-names|Westmorland]]
 
== Notes ==
<references/>
<references/>



Revision as of 17:35, 20 May 2019

Template:PnAdmDiv

By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2017-02-21. Revised by Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2019-05-20.

Flag-cumberland.png

County description

The Historic Counties Trust describes Cumberland as follows:

Cumberland must be looked at in two parts, a highland area and a lowland, coastal area. The hills of Cumberland form a great part of the exquisite Lake District. Derwentwater, Buttermere and Crummockwater, Ennerdale Water, Wast Water, and part of Ullswater lie in Cumberland. Above them rise mountains, including England's highest mountain, Scafell Pike (3,210 feet). Also within Cumberland are Scafell, Skiddaw, Great Gable and Pillar. This is prime walking country for hardy souls. Beyond the green Eden valley, the Penines cross the east of Cumberland, with Cross Pell, 2,930 feet, the highest. In the north is Carlisle, a cathedral city, whose massive castle and fortifications against the Scots still dominate much of the town. In the rest of Cumberland fortified churches and "peel houses" are found, built as a defence not so much against the Scots as against reivers, who terrorised the border country before the Union. Cumberland's coast has industrial towns, though industry has faded, leaving urban deprivation a problem, particularly in Whitehaven which was once a major port for the Atlantic trade. The Sellafield nuclear power station at Seascale is a major employer.

Main Towns: Alston, Brampton, Cockermouth, Carlisle, Keswick, Maryport, Penrith, Whitehaven, Wigton, Workington.
Main Rivers: Eden, Derwent, Esk, Duddon.
Highlights: Carlile Castle & Cathedral; Castellrigg & Long Meg and her Daughters stone circles; Hadrien's Wall; Scafell Pike.
Highest Point: Scafell Pike, 978.41 m.
Area: 3926.42 km2.[1]

Template:PnAdmDivChronology

Lists and gazetteers

Background

Neighbours

Notes

  1. The Historic Counties Trust has kindly allowed me to quote its county descriptions in toto. I have converted square miles to km2 and feet to meters.