Allusions 1801-1900 (texts)

From International Robin Hood Bibliography
{"pagename":"1802 - Lipscomb, George - Journey into South Wales","Century":19,"Decade":1801,"Year":1802},{"pagename":"1803 - Strutt, Benjamin - History of Colchester","Century":19,"Decade":1801,"Year":1803},{"pagename":"1804 - Miller, Edward - History and Antiquities of Doncaster and its Vicinity (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1801,"Year":1804},{"pagename":"1804 - Miller, Edward - History and Antiquities of Doncaster and its Vicinity (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1801,"Year":1804},{"pagename":"1804 - Unknown - Note on drawing of Robin Hood's Stride","Century":19,"Decade":1801,"Year":1804},{"pagename":"1810 - Marriott, William - Antiquities of Lyme and its Vicinity","Century":19,"Decade":1811,"Year":1810},{"pagename":"1811 - Gooch, W - General View of Agriculture","Century":19,"Decade":1811,"Year":1811},{"pagename":"1811 - Nelson, John - History of Islington","Century":19,"Decade":1811,"Year":1811},{"pagename":"1817 - Lysons, Daniel - Magna Britannia (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1811,"Year":1817},{"pagename":"1817 - Lysons, Daniel - Magna Britannia (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1811,"Year":1817},{"pagename":"1817 - Pitt, William - Topographical History of Staffordshire","Century":19,"Decade":1811,"Year":1817},{"pagename":"1817 - Young, George - History of Whitby (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1811,"Year":1817},{"pagename":"1817 - Young, George - History of Whitby (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1811,"Year":1817},{"pagename":"1817 - Young, George - History of Whitby (3)","Century":19,"Decade":1811,"Year":1817},{"pagename":"1819 - Hunter, Joseph - Hallamshire","Century":19,"Decade":1811,"Year":1819},{"pagename":"1822 - Rhodes, Ebenezer - Peak Scenery (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1821,"Year":1822},{"pagename":"1822 - Rhodes, Ebenezer - Peak Scenery (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1821,"Year":1822},{"pagename":"1823 - Rhodes, Ebenezer - Peak Scenery (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1821,"Year":1823},{"pagename":"1824 - Holland, John - Picture of Sheffield","Century":19,"Decade":1821,"Year":1824},{"pagename":"1825 - Cole, John - Scarborough Guide","Century":19,"Decade":1821,"Year":1825},{"pagename":"1827 - Gregson, J S - Museum Chethamiense","Century":19,"Decade":1821,"Year":1827},{"pagename":"1828 - Clarke, Stephen Reynolds - New Yorkshire Gazetteer","Century":19,"Decade":1821,"Year":1828},{"pagename":"1828 - Crossley, Thomas - Written at Grave of Robin Hood","Century":19,"Decade":1821,"Year":1828},{"pagename":"1829 - Roby, John - Traditions of Lancashire (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1821,"Year":1829},{"pagename":"1829 - Roby, John - Traditions of Lancashire (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1821,"Year":1829},{"pagename":"1830 - Interlocutor - Reminiscient","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1830},{"pagename":"1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (03)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1831},{"pagename":"1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (04)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1831},{"pagename":"1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (05)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1831},{"pagename":"1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (06)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1831},{"pagename":"1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (07)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1831},{"pagename":"1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (08)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1831},{"pagename":"1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (09)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1831},{"pagename":"1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (14)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1831},{"pagename":"1831 - Roby, John - Traditions of Lancashire, Second Series (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1831},{"pagename":"1831 - Roby, John - Traditions of Lancashire, Second Series (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1831},{"pagename":"1831 - Roby, John - Traditions of Lancashire, Second Series (3)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1831},{"pagename":"1831 - Roby, John - Traditions of Lancashire, Second Series (4)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1831},{"pagename":"1832 - Scott, Walter - Inscription for Robin Hood's Well","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1832},{"pagename":"1835 - Cromwell, Thomas - Walks through Islington","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1835},{"pagename":"1835 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1835},{"pagename":"1836 - Crabtree, John - Concise History of Halifax (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1836},{"pagename":"1836 - Crabtree, John - Concise History of Halifax (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1836},{"pagename":"1836 - Crabtree, John - Concise History of Halifax (3)","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1836},{"pagename":"1836 - Thiele, J M - Letters from England and Scotland","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1836},{"pagename":"1837 - Holland, John - Tour of Don","Century":19,"Decade":1831,"Year":1837},{"pagename":"1840 - Orange, James - History and Antiquities of Nottingham (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1841,"Year":1840},{"pagename":"1841 - Daniel, George - Merrie England in the Olden Time","Century":19,"Decade":1841,"Year":1841},{"pagename":"1841 - Hall, Spencer Timothy - Forester's Offering (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1841,"Year":1841},{"pagename":"1841 - Hall, Spencer Timothy - Forester's Offering (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1841,"Year":1841},{"pagename":"1844 - Barnes, William - Miaken up a Miff","Century":19,"Decade":1841,"Year":1844},{"pagename":"1845 - Palmer, Charles Ferrers - History of Tamworth (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1841,"Year":1845},{"pagename":"1845 - Palmer, Charles Ferrers - History of Tamworth (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1841,"Year":1845},{"pagename":"1845 - White, William - General Directory of Town and Borough of Sheffield (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1841,"Year":1845},{"pagename":"1845 - White, William - General Directory of Town and Borough of Sheffield (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1841,"Year":1845},{"pagename":"1847 - Walbran, John Richard - Harrogate Visitors Hand Book","Century":19,"Decade":1841,"Year":1847},{"pagename":"1848 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England","Century":19,"Decade":1841,"Year":1848},{"pagename":"1851 - Walbran, John Richard - Guide to Ripon, Fountains Abbey","Century":19,"Decade":1851,"Year":1851},{"pagename":"1851 - West, R - Lines written on a Beautiful Glen","Century":19,"Decade":1851,"Year":1851},{"pagename":"1854 - Roby, John - Literary and Poetical Remains (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1851,"Year":1854},{"pagename":"1854 - Roby, John - Literary and Poetical Remains (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1851,"Year":1854},{"pagename":"1856 - Thompson, Pishey - History of Boston","Century":19,"Decade":1851,"Year":1856},{"pagename":"1857 - Sullivan, Jeremiah - Cumberland and Westmorland (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1851,"Year":1857},{"pagename":"1857 - Sullivan, Jeremiah - Cumberland and Westmorland (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1851,"Year":1857},{"pagename":"1858 - Black, Adam - Picturesque Guide to Yorkshire","Century":19,"Decade":1851,"Year":1858},{"pagename":"1859 - Green, Henry - Knutsford","Century":19,"Decade":1851,"Year":1859},{"pagename":"1860 - Bland, John Salkeld - Vale of Lyvenett (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1861,"Year":1860},{"pagename":"1860 - Bland, John Salkeld - Vale of Lyvenett (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1861,"Year":1860},{"pagename":"1863 - Grainge, William - Nidderdale","Century":19,"Decade":1861,"Year":1863},{"pagename":"1864 - Harrison, Samuel - Complete History of Great Flood at Sheffield","Century":19,"Decade":1861,"Year":1864},{"pagename":"1865 - Redfern, Francis - History of Town of Uttoxeter (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1861,"Year":1865},{"pagename":"1865 - Redfern, Francis - History of Town of Uttoxeter (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1861,"Year":1865},{"pagename":"1865 - Redfern, Francis - History of Town of Uttoxeter (3)","Century":19,"Decade":1861,"Year":1865},{"pagename":"1865 - Redfern, Francis - History of Town of Uttoxeter (4)","Century":19,"Decade":1861,"Year":1865},{"pagename":"1872 - Stockdale, James - Annales Carmoelenses","Century":19,"Decade":1871,"Year":1872},{"pagename":"1879 - Thomson, J Radford - Guide to the District of Craven","Century":19,"Decade":1871,"Year":1879},{"pagename":"1879 - Turner, J Horsfall - Haworth Past and Present (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1871,"Year":1879},{"pagename":"1879 - Turner, J Horsfall - Haworth Past and Present (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1871,"Year":1879},{"pagename":"1883 - Bayzand, William - Coaching in and out of Oxford","Century":19,"Decade":1881,"Year":1883},{"pagename":"1883 - Macquoid, Thomas - About Yorkshire","Century":19,"Decade":1881,"Year":1883},{"pagename":"1886 - Cudworth, William - Rambles round Horton","Century":19,"Decade":1881,"Year":1886},{"pagename":"1886 - Redfern, Francis - History and Antiquities of Town of Uttoxeter (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1881,"Year":1886},{"pagename":"1886 - Redfern, Francis - History and Antiquities of Town of Uttoxeter (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1881,"Year":1886},{"pagename":"1886 - Redfern, Francis - History and Antiquities of Town of Uttoxeter (3)","Century":19,"Decade":1881,"Year":1886},{"pagename":"1886 - Redfern, Francis - History and Antiquities of Town of Uttoxeter (4)","Century":19,"Decade":1881,"Year":1886},{"pagename":"1889 - Fishwick, Henry - History of Parish of Rochdale (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1881,"Year":1889},{"pagename":"1889 - Fishwick, Henry - History of Parish of Rochdale (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1881,"Year":1889},{"pagename":"1891 - Gray, Johnnie - Through Airedale from Goole to Malham (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1891},{"pagename":"1891 - Gray, Johnnie - Through Airedale from Goole to Malham (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1891},{"pagename":"1891 - Gray, Johnnie - Through Airedale from Goole to Malham (3)","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1891},{"pagename":"1891 - Gray, Johnnie - Through Airedale from Goole to Malham (4)","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1891},{"pagename":"1891 - Gray, Johnnie - Through Airedale from Goole to Malham (5)","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1891},{"pagename":"1892 - Grindon, Leo H - Lancashire (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1892},{"pagename":"1892 - Grindon, Leo H - Lancashire (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1892},{"pagename":"1892 - Grindon, Leo H - Lancashire (3)","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1892},{"pagename":"1892 - Grindon, Leo H - Lancashire (4)","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1892},{"pagename":"1893 - Elliot, W Hume - Country and Church of Cheeryble Brothers","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1893},{"pagename":"1897 - Collyer, Robert - Untitled poem","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1897},{"pagename":"1899 - Halliwell, Sutcliffe - By Moor and Fell (1)","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1899},{"pagename":"1899 - Halliwell, Sutcliffe - By Moor and Fell (2)","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1899},{"pagename":"1899 - Halliwell, Sutcliffe - By Moor and Fell (3)","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1899},{"pagename":"1899 - Halliwell, Sutcliffe - By Moor and Fell (4)","Century":19,"Decade":1891,"Year":1899},

By Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2013-08-01. Revised by Henrik Thiil Nielsen, 2021-01-07.

The following 102 allusions are found for the period 1801-1900:

1802 - Lipscomb, George - Journey into South Wales

 We made an excursion to visit Weobley encampment; and an unusually fine morning gave us an opportunity of seeing it to great advantage.
  It is placed on the summit of a proud eminence, which overtops the neighbouring country, and frowns defiance at the huge ridges, which every where raise themselves around it.
  Even if the antiquity of this camp did not recommend it to the notice of the curious, the delightful prospect which it commands would render it an object well worthy of attention to the contemplative traveller.
 To the south-east, the eye stretches as far as May Hill, in Gloucestershire: and the city of Hereford is only hidden by the intervention of a range of hills, which terminates in the remarkable promontory of Lady-lift before mentioned. Skerrit, in Monmouthshire, and the Black Mountains, whose summits were wrapped in snow, enclose the prospect on the south; and the Radnorshire hills, in a vast variety of shapes, on the west and north-west, are objects highly striking and picturesque. [p. 98:]
Robin Hood's Butts, a little detached eminence, stands in the midst of a beautiful plain, called Pembridge bottom. The Earl of Oxford's seat, at Eywood, is seen in the valley below, sheltered and embosomed among rich woods and plantations; and on the north, the town of Presteign, with the villas at Broad-heath and Stapleton, seems lying at the foot of this stupendous height.[1]

1803 - Strutt, Benjamin - History of Colchester

Directions for clockwise perambulation of Liberty of Colchester:] [...] down Shett's hill to Newbridge, and then into the fields formerly held by Matthew Ayleward, through a gate a little above the bridge: And so along to the yard formerly of the said Matthew Aylward; cross the river into a meadow folrmerly of the said Matthew Ayleward, and cross that meadow into the lower part of West-fields, near to which is a foot bridge, laid cross the river, called Mott's bridge. And so along through West fields to a gate in a lane at or near the north end of a meadow formerly held by one Samuel Duglet, which lane parts West-fields from Bergholt. And from thence to Buttolph's brook, along the course of which proceed, always [p. 150] leaving the brook upon the left hand, to a bridge, called Thomas Abridge, leading on to Horkesley heath; which bridge is right against the pitch of the hill where an oak called Robin Hood's oak anciently stood. From thence proceed along the road which leads to Nayland, over Horkesley heath to Black brook under Chesterwell; which brook runs across the road at the foot of Horkesley causeway.[2]

1804 - Miller, Edward - History and Antiquities of Doncaster and its Vicinity (2)

From its vicinity to Barnsdale, Skelbroke was frequently visited by the celebrated Robin Hood, and his companions, who flourished in the reign of Richard I. and there is a well here, in the high road between Doncaster and York, still called Robin Hood's Well, as before-mentioned. Near this well, is a small inn, with Robin Hood for its sign.[3]

1804 - Miller, Edward - History and Antiquities of Doncaster and its Vicinity (1)

In his [i.e. Richard I's] reign lived Robin Hood and Little John, who, with a hundred stout fellows more, molested all the passengers who fell in their way, yet only robbed and made prey of the rich. The forest of Sherwood in Nottinghamshire, and Barnsdale in Yorkshire, in the neighbourhood of Doncaster, were their principal places of resort. At Skelbrook, about five miles from Doncaster, in the road to York, is a well, now called Robin Hood's Well.[4]

1804 - Unknown - Note on drawing of Robin Hood's Stride

The tradition of the neighbourhood is, that Robin Hood and Little John stood upon Eastwood Rocks, about 1½ miles off, and shot at this stone [i.e. Robin Hood's Stride, Harthill]:—Little John's hit it, but Robin Hood's fell short of it in the valley below.[5]

1810 - Marriott, William - Antiquities of Lyme and its Vicinity

 Two brothers, upon the estate of Disley, are lately successively deceased. The last, the youngest, stated to the author, that his brother, whose age was nearly eighty years, had taken him when a boy, to the stones upon Park's Moor, and told him always to remember, that they were put up in memory of two brothers who died of the plague in Lyme Handley: which malady overspread that valley towards the close of the seventeenth century.
 This account, however, seems foreign to the purpose, because coinciding memorials are erected where the plague never came. The mortality from the plague is, moreover, denoted by common gravestones over the bodies in the adjoining fields, which will be noticed in their place. And other and very applicable traditions are in the memory of older people still in being.
 One of these states, that he has heard say, "When there were kings in England, each of them knew his own land by the stones upon these hills."
 These persons as well as the less informed of the rustics in the neighbourhood concur, too, in calling them by a more recent title, Robin Hood's stones. Those in Lyme, or Park's [p. 19:] Moor, are most generally named his Bow Stones. At other times they are confounded with the rest, and pass by the name of his Picking Stones. Both these names are analogous, so as to establish between them some implied connection. The epithet of the bow signifies, that the Sherwood archer took his post at Park's Moor, and shot from thence to Whaley Moor, a distance rectilinearly of a mile and a half; from thence to Chinley the same; and from Chinley two ways, to Ludworth and Rough Low Tor, three miles: and that the first station, and each succeeding place, where an arrow fell, were designated by the location of stones. The other term implies, that this man of might picked or threw the identical stones themselves through the air from one mountain to the other. Those upon Rough Low excited his double industry, for after picking them to the summit of the mountain, he picked them to the bottom. The duplicate of the pillars refers, say the traditionists, to the alliance of Hood with Little John, the corresponding proportions of size being preserved in them. In Bow Stones, too, they shew an indenture, which the arrow made on its return from the Rough Low. By this confession, however, the stones must have pre-existed before the affair of the archery.
 The agreement of the vulgar in credulity and formation of gross narrations is one, amongst better arguments, for their progressions from a common diverging stock. The dawn of the human race opens in all places with magnifying fictions of its own powers. The bards of the east had their giants, able to [p. 20:] pile Ossa upon Pelion. The natives of the western hemisphere indulge in similar reveries. Letters of an American Lady. The occurrence of this principle met Dr. Johnson in the detached regions of Caledonia. "For natural curiosities, I was shewn only two great masses of stone, which lie loose upon the ground; one on the top of a hill, and the other at a small distance from the bottom. They certainly were never put into their places by human strength or skill. All nations have a tradition, that their earliest ancestors were giants, and these stones are said to have been thrown up and down by a giant and his mistress." Tour to the Heb: article, Cast of Col. These coincidences will account for the instrumentality of Robin Hood, exhibited as making sallies of his strength in the distribution of these not very trivial masses.
 The actuating motive of this fable is incidental, as we have seen, to the early practice of all people, a pride of possessing names in their annals, which shall surpass the rest of the world in great performances; and which sometimes even dares to arrogate an almost creative prerogative. The marvellous, however, thus represented, is always and certainly reducible into the memorable; conferring upon works of art in particular, when narrated of them, a title to some sure antiquity and latent fame.
 If any fidelity is then to be found under the mask of this fiction, it must be from the other branch of it, which represents these monuments as Hood's shooting butts. And, indeed, conjectures may be founded upon this view of the case, [p. 21:] if not demonstrable by certificate, at least satisfactory in comprehension.
 Of the implements by which objects at a distance could formerly be annoyed, Dr. Robertson observes, "the bow and arrow is [sic] the most early invention. This weapon is in the hands of people, whose advances in improvement are extremely inconsiderable, and is familiar to the inhabitants of every quarter of the globe." The use of this, like all other instruments, is capable of being brought to high perfection by constant habit, even in the most unscientific hands. The same writer quotes Mr. Ellis, concerning its prowess in the hands of the Esquimaux Indians. "Their greatest ingenuity is shewn in the structure of their bows, &c., &c.; and, as they practice from their youth, they shoot with very great dexterity." Through the three remaining continents of the world, likewise, the Roman "Sagitarii", light troops of the army carrying this weapon, uniformly found it in the hands of the native races, to whom it had been transmitted from the earliest time.
 The annals of the British armouries partake of this analogy. St. Pierre, in his poem of the Arcadia, which conveys the sense of all classical and gothic commentators upon the manners of the early nations, existing upon both sides of the Frelum Britannicum, thus describes a discharge of missile implements from a column of the Britons, in an attack upon the Gauls near the Seine.—"Des Nuées de Dards, de flêches, de cailloux et de balles de plomb:" "Clouds of darts, arrows, [p. 22:] stones, and bullets of lead." The nature of things, not less than the testimony of the gothic writers, who first broke the pause in our history, which succeeded the luminous age of Julian literature, assures us, that no improvement in arts could have exploded the use of this missile, at the respective periods of the Pictish, Saxon, or Danish wars. If all, or some of these antagonists, should then hereafter appear to have entered the lists with the ever-embroiled natives upon these mountains, the tradition of Hood may be a misapplication and corruption of ancient battles, said in days of yore to have been decided here by the bow; but since lost and incorporated amongst the stories of the Sherwood hero, which have been received with such avidity by the vulgar. Armies were placed upon the opposing hills; and, if they could not shoot from one to another, they might make them, each at a time, the field of contest.
  Another, and equally feasible interpretation remains to be added; which, whilst it furnished more immediate grounds for the feat attributed to Hood, leaves the prior statement to remain with unquestionable though far more remote authority.
 The two extremities of the counties of Derbyshire and Cheshire, conjoining in this chain of hills, form parts of the Forests of Macclesfield and High Peak. These are adjoining royalties; and different demesnes in them will hereafter be shewn to have been dismembered by grants to merit, or by sales for money. But some mode of definition would be necessary, for the purpose of setting bounds to the quantity [p. 23:] of land alienated. The mesuration of ancient times was taken, it is well known, from ordinary processes of nature. The plough, which opened its furrow for agriculture, by an easy transition, was used to draw a circuit in so much time, as the boundary of so much property. Innumerable abbies held their donatives by this prescription in the monkish times, whence the term of ox-gangs of land, and others similar. A process so unwieldy it was the province of genius to alter, as circumstances required: and here, where the ground is nothing but acclivities and declivities, it might be very conveniently commuted for a plan, not more vague in application, and equally dictated by the common exercises of the age,—the flight of an arrow. To excel in this weapon was the indispensible sphere of foresters, above any of the other martial implements. Supreme estimation was paid to it; insomuch that, where the more recent lords of manors have selected the heriots, accruing to them on the decease of those who owed them suit and service, from goods and chattels of a more pacific and negotiable nature, as a sum of money, a horse, a cow, or a clock; their warlike predecessors required less valuable, but more characteristic articles. Of this we have proof by deeds, occurrent in the precincts of the royalty of Macclesfield. In Leycesters' Antiq: Ces: is contained a charter from Robert de Blundeville, the then earl of Chester, to his barons, granted about the year 1218; and most probably extorted as an indulgence to secure their fidelity, and make their vassals willing partisans, in the feudal divisions which marked the [p. 24:] latter end of the minority of Henry III. By virtue of this Sir Robert de Stokeport, making that vil situate in the north eastern extremity of Macclesfield forest, a free borough, amongst other provisions enacts—"Item cum burgensis moriatur hæres ejus nullum aliud relevium dabit mihi nisi ejusmodi arma gladium arcum vel lanceam." This is expressed in Mr .Watson's translation thus: "Also when a burgessdies, [sic] his heir shall give me no other relief but such weapons as these, a sword and a bow, or a lance." Memoirs of the ancient earls of Warren and Surrey. And more immediately in the district of Upland, contiguous to the position of the Bow Stones, the curved yew and pointed box are declared to be the express and single instruments of discipline in the place. Mr. Watson quotes from the Baronagium Cestriæ, that Richard de Vernon, a descendant of the daughter of Sir Robert de Stokeport "held Marphul and Wibresleghe by the free service of the forest of Macclesfield, and that he should come at the king's summons, with the same arms by which he kept his jurisdiction, viz., with bow and arrows. Is it then any outrage to the sense, upon the testimony of this simple declaration (without adducing other latent ones) explanatory of the armed state of the place at a term, it may be corespondent, and not possibly more than fifty years previous to the great event, the battle of Crecy, which caused the dismemberment of the large portion of the forest, on which the Bow Stones stand, as a reward to the conspicuous bravery of the ancestor of the present possessors, if it be supposed that the [p. 25:] boon was to be determined by the passage of an arrow from place to place, of which the Bow Stones were the first limit and station? This seems to receive confirmation from an oral account, out of the common way, that the proper name of the monument is Bow-String Stones, because, that at them the reputed hero first strung his bow for the execution of his task. He, who had to cast the lot for his possessions in this mode, would not fail to seek the archer of greatest prowess; and such an one, fired with the honour of the occasion, and imprest with the value at stake, would pant to step forward into these lists of space. That the age of this prince of foresters can be fixed so as to allow of his identity in person, is not likely nor important; for the specification of a manor by his strength of arm would give any operator a title to equal fame; and he would deservedly pass in vulgar applause for the Robin Hood of the neighbourhood.
 And without ranging to the Nottinghamshire forest, the surrounding tract may expect to have been his home and origin. The bow-men of England were her pride, and the dread of other nations. The flower of them were from Cheshire; which title is often applied to that species of troops by way of eminence. Richard II is said to have surrounded his parliament, Anno 1397, with the most terrific force, which he could think likely to intimidate it into compliance with his wishes of giving sentence against the duke of Gloucester,--4000 Cheshire archers. And from what cause could the perfection of these palatines arise, but from the peculiarities of their local circum- [p. 26:] stances? Such is the geography of their county, as will soon pass in review, that they must have invited a very protracted warfare to their confines in all cases, whether intestinal or invasive. When the constant alert, to which they had been trained from the cradle of their times, was relaxed by the establishment of domestic harmony, then their ardour was revived, and their manæuvres perfected, by the calls of the chase, and the destruction of four-footed and winged game. Hence the Cheshire men owed their discipline to the forest laws, which were a rigorous and well executed system for the government of tracts of that description, and which must have been applicable to the greatest part of their county, since the forests of Macclesfield and Delamere nearly joined, perhaps more than to the general martial code of the nation, and the dangerous position they occupied in it. Some of the gallant foresters then in the district of the Bow Stones, and not unlikely one from the ranks of those, who had found their way from the glades of Lyme Handley to the plains of Piccardy, as companions of the martial Perkin in the service of their prince and country, and had witnessed his exploits, might draw the string which gave a reward to his merit: of whose real name no further vestige now remains, than of the arrow, which he directed through the closing air.
 What the real distance too was, which this instrument overcame at a time, admits only of conjecture. The stones, which are its reputed admeasurement, seem to surpass all credibility. The longest shot in the celebrated ancient butts [p. 27:] at Frodsham was sixteen roods. Pennant. At this distance, however, the arrow was no doubt meant to tell. In the present instance the fall of it, when spent to the uttermost, was all that was required. But allowing all justifiable latitude for this admission, the distance from one of these monuments to another still exceeds any power that can be imputed to archery. Allowing then the above recited use to have been made of the Park's Moor stone, it must fall equally with the others under the general and remote solution; which appears to be the truth of their origin. They are the memorials of the movements and warfare of ancient armies. Of this no plea for doubt will remain, when actual encampments, and numerous and far continued lines of embankment, together with barrows, or ancient receptacles of the dead, of very large dimensions, shall be shewn to remain upon their very sites, and in the adjoining places.[6]

1811 - Gooch, W - General View of Agriculture

Bassingbourn, including the Hamlet of Kneesworth.— North west, west, and south west of the village, is a strong, brown, clayey soil, of a good staple. North-east, east, and south-east of the village, is a brown, deep, loamy soil, lying upon a gravel; thence, in the same direction, beyond the line of Robin Hood's Tree, and extending towards Royston and Litlington, a thin, dry, white soil, upon a chalk or hurrock. The enclosed pastures are an open, brown, gravelly soil, of a good staple. [7]

1811 - Nelson, John - History of Islington

An old house yet remains fronting the fields at Hoxton, which was formerly much resorted to by the Finsbury archers. It bears for its sign the Robin Hood, which has, to the present day, written underneath, the following inscription;

"Ye archers bold, and yeomen good,
Stop, and drink with Robin Hood;
If Robin Hood is not at home,
Stop, and drink with Little John."[8]

1817 - Lysons, Daniel - Magna Britannia (1)

The scenery of the gritstone district is by no means beautiful or agreeable, except in the valleys above noticed [i.e. 'Matlock Dale, Monsal Dale, Middleton Dale, Eyam Dale, and Dove Dale']; it consists chiefly of dreary moors, on some parts of which large masses and groups of rock are seen projecting on the surface, some of them in very grotesque forms. The most remarkable of these groups of gritstone rock are, those on Stanton-Moor, called Robinhood's stride, or Mock-beggar hall, and Rowtor rocks.[9]

1817 - Lysons, Daniel - Magna Britannia (2)

On Ludworth common, near Mellor, is a flat stone about eight feet long and three feet six inches wide, and nearly two feet thick, approaching in [vol. V, p. ccxxxv:] form to an oval; on which formerly stood two stone pillars, fixed in round sockets, and tapering upwards. When we visited this ancient monument, in the year 1810, only part of one of them remained in its original position; this was two feet six inches in height, and twenty inches in diameter at the top: the upper part, two feet six inches in length, had been broken off, and removed to the distance of several feet. The lower part of the other, which has also been removed from its socket, is four feet two inches in length, eighteen inches in diameter at the bottom, and fifteen inches and a half at the top. This ancient monument, which bears a good deal of resemblance to one of the same kind called the Bow-Stones, at no great distance from it (noticed in our account of Cheshire °), has received from the country people the appellation of Robinhood's Picking-rods. As double pillars appear among the earliest sepulchral monuments in the Christian cemeteries, it is not improbable that these rude monuments were erected to the memory of some illustrious person, in the Pagan times. We are informed by Dr, Pegge, that part of one of them was used in making the turnpike road leading from Sheffield to Grindlethorp bridge.[10]

1817 - Pitt, William - Topographical History of Staffordshire

Wigginton is a hamlet in the parish of Tamworth, situated about two miles north-west of the Church. It is thus recorded in Domesday: "The King holds Wigetone, consisting of two hides. The arable land is six carucates. There are eight villans, and one servant, and one bordar, and eight burgesses in Tamworde. In all they have six carucates. Here is also a meadow, six furlongs in length and two in breadth. In the time of Edward the Confessor, it was valued at thirty shillings, but at the time of this survey £4."
 South-west of Wigginton, near a piece of land called the Low Flat, is a remarkable eminence, which is called Robin Hood's Butt.[11]

1817 - Young, George - History of Whitby (1)

[...] If we prefer the figurative meaning of the term larus, as corresponding better with streon, we may suppose that Streoneshalh [i.e. Whitby] derived its name from some greedy plunderer, or pirate, who like Robin Hood in a later era, had his abode in this retired quarter: and, in that case, we must call it Pirate's Bay. At the same time I may add, that if larus can be translated a gaping, as I find it is in an old dictionary, Streoneshalh might be rendered Gaping-Bay, or Open-Bay [...][12]

1817 - Young, George - History of Whitby (2)

Nearer [than Stainton Dale] to Whitby is the inlet called Robin Hood's Bay, in the north-west part of which there is a fishing town of the same name, of a romantic appearance, containing about 1000 inhabitants. The village and bay derive their name from the celebrated outlaw Robin Hood, who is said to have frequented the spot.§ [...]
[Note §:] This Robin Hood (or Robert earl of Huntington) celebrated for his predatory exploits, is said to have died in the year 1247. According to tradition, he and his trusty mate Little John went to dine with one of the abbots of Whitby, and being desired by the abbot to try how far each of them could shoot an arrow, they both shot from the top of the abbey, and their arrows fell on the west side of Whitby Lathes, beside the lane leading from thence to Stainsacre; that of Robin Hood falling on the north side of the lane, and that of Little John about 100 feet further, on the south side of the lane. In the spot where Robin's arrow is said to have lighted stands a stone pillar about a foot square, and 4 feet high; and a similar pillar 2½ feet high, marks the place where John's arrow fell. The fields on the one side are called Robin Hood closes, and those on the other Little John closes. They are so termed in the conveyance, dated in 1713, from Hugh Cholmley, Esq. to John Watson, ancestor to the present proprietor, Mr. Rob. Watson. The tradition is scarcely credible, the distance of those pillars from the abbey being about a mile and a half. Much more incredible is the tradition, that Robin shot an arrow from the height where Stoupe Brow beacon is placed, right across the bay to the town which bears his name; having resolved to build a town where the arrow lighted. To the south of that beacon are two or three tumuli or barrows, called Robin Hood's butts; from a fabulous story of his using them as butts, when he exercised his men in shooting.[13]

1817 - Young, George - History of Whitby (3)

Little notice is taken here of May day, or of midsummer; nor is there any day devoted here to Robin Hood, though Robin once lived in our neighbourhood.[14]

1819 - Hunter, Joseph - Hallamshire

But a small portion of the course of the Loxley is within the parish of Sheffield. It rises near the village of Bradfield, and flows through a thinly-peopled country, which in the memory of man was wholly uninclosed and uncultivated, called Loxley-Chase; a district which seems to have the fairest pretensions to be the Locksley of our old ballads, where was born that redoubtable hero Robin Hood. The remains of a house in which it was pretended he was born were formerly pointed out in a small wood in Loxley called Bar-wood, and a well of fine clear water rising near the bed of the river has been called from time immemorial Robin Hood's Well. This well is included within the grounds at Cliff-Rocher, a place not inaptly named by its late proprietor Little-Matlock, as it bears no mean resemblance to some parts of the beautiful valley of Matlock in Derbyshire. The walks which that gentleman cut in the boldest part of the cliff, and along a natural terrace extending to that part of Stannington in which are the chapel and minister's house, were thrown open to the public, and much frequented during several summers by the people of Sheffield.[15]

1822 - Rhodes, Ebenezer - Peak Scenery (1)

In the vicinity of Hathersage there are some excellent subjects for the pencil, and while my companion was sketching in the valley be- [p. 8:] low the village, I visited the Churchyard on the hill above, where as tradition informs us lie the bones of Little John, the favourite companion of the celebrated forest marauder, Robin Hood. His burial place is distinguished by stones placed at the head and foot of his grave; they are nearly four yards apart, and they are said to designate the stature of this gigantic man. However fabulous this account may be, the body here interred appears to have been of more than ordinary size. In October, 1784, this reputed grave of Little John was opened, when a thigh bone measuring two feet five inches was found within it. A tall man from Offerton, who on account of his stature had probably obtained the name of Robin Hood's faithful follower, was interred in this place; hence originated this village tradition; and that it might be rendered still more marvellous, when the bones were re-committed to the grave the stones that originally marked the, [sic] stature of the tall man of Offerton were removed farther apart.[16]

1822 - Rhodes, Ebenezer - Peak Scenery (2)

An unfrequented path of another quarter of a mile led us to the base of Mock Beggar Hall, a curious assemblage of sand-stone rocks thrown confusedly together, yet so arranged as to form at a distance a strong resemblance to a regular building, with a huge chimney at each extremity; hence the name which this mass of rocks has obtained: the stony towers at each end are called Robin Hood's Stride.[17]

1823 - Rhodes, Ebenezer - Peak Scenery (1)

[...] the Derbyshire Peak Archery Meeting has been held at Chatsworth, and numerously and brilliantly attended. This society of Bowmen originated with the Duke of Devonshire, who is its head and patron. This distinguished nobleman lives in a style of princely magnificence. Wherever he is—whether at his beautiful paladian villa, on the borders of the Thames at Chiswick—at Devonshire House, in Piccadilly—or at his Palace of the Peak, at Chatsworth—the gaieties and the elegancies of life are there also. [... p. 130: ...]

 From fifty to sixty ladies and gentlemen entered the lists as competitors for the prize, and a band of music intimated the commencement of the sports of the day. The Duke of Devonshire, who was attended by a page, had the honour of drawing the first bow-string, and he early placed an arrow on the outer verge of the target. But it was reserved for a lady to bear away the prize; with an aim as unerring as the “blind boy's but-shaft,” she hit the bull's-eye in the centre: her success was announced by a signal from the provost or superintendant of the target, and the pealing in of a loud strain of music communicated her triumph to the assembled multitude of spectators. Mrs. Jedediah Strutt was the fair victor on this occasion, and shortly after wards an arrow from Miss Bateman's bow, penetrated the inner circle of the target. At the termination of the contest, the two gold medals were adjudged to Mrs. J. Strutt and Col. Clowes. When this victory was decided, two sets of bows and arrows, in addition to the usual prizes, were given by Mrs. Mundy, the lady paramount of the field,—and Sir Charles Colville, the president. In the contest for these prizes Miss Bateman was again successful, and W. Mundy, Esq. won the gentlemen's bow and arrows: the ladies, indeed, were the best marks-MEN; they directed their shafts with greater certainty than the men, and more frequently hit the target.

 As the different candidates took their places in succession on the ground, I watched the fixing of the arrow on the string, saw the bow gradually drawn to its extreme tension,—heard the twang of the winged messenger as it departed,—tracked its progress through the air, and saw it strike or miss the target with an interest far beyond what I had imagined could have been excited by such an exhibition. Some of the arrows trembled and wavered in their progress; others, driven by a more determined and a firmer hand, passed steadily and swiftly to the mark: but the archers of the Peak are new to the [p. 131:] sport; and probably some years of practice will pass away before they will be sufficiently expert either to “notch” each others shafts when on the target, or split a willow wand at a hundred paces distant, with the skill and adroitness of Locksley, the brave bowman of Ivanhoe.

The scene altogether was novel and pictorial in effect; gratifying to the eye by its peculiar and characteristic beauty, and interesting to the mind from the associations it created: the ballad history of Robin Hood, which was the delight and wonder of my boyhood, and the achievements of his faithful associates, were once more revived and recollected. In advanced life, when the space between youth and age is a division of fearful length, our early impressions seen through the vista of departed years, become more powerfully interesting as they are farthest removed: we love to dwell upon scenes and circumstances which delighted us when life and all its enjoyments were new, and threw a charm over our earlier years. A pensive feeling that lingers about half-forgotten remembrances, was connected with the animated picture in Chatsworth Park: although far more refined, elegant, and imposing, than the archery of Nottingham and Sherwood Forest, it was still a scene of archery; and the females who were mingled with it, adorned it with beauty, and made it lovely to behold. When drawing the arrow to the head, they were graceful in figure as the statue of Diana; and the anxious feeling with which they marked its flight through the trackless air to its destination, gave additional lustre to the eye, and to the whole countenance a more animated and interesting expression. An artist was upon the grounds studying the scenery of Chatsworth, and storing his mind and his sketch-book with the brilliant picture which the park presented: but only a Turner could do justice to such a subject: he dips his pencil in light itself, and every thing it touches glows and sparkles with sunshine; his colours are as ethereal, as beautiful, and as transparent as the rainbow: he could impart to such a scene its peculiar splendour, people it with groups of living figures,—give grace to their motions and animation to their features; he could cloathe the hills and woods that surround this lovely spot with the majesty of nature, and the glittering play of the waters of the fountains amongst the branches of the trees would be but sport for his pencil. Turner, at Chatsworth, on this bright and busy day, might have produced a successful rival to his own celebrated picture of Richmond Hill.[18]

1824 - Holland, John - Picture of Sheffield

In the grounds of a most beautiful spot, about four miles from Sheffield, called Little Matlock, (after the famed Matlock in Derbyshire, which it much resembles) is a well which has been named Robin Hood's well from time out of mind, and the ruins of a house are also to be seen, in which it is said that famous marauder first drew his breath. Little Matlock is well worth visiting. There is a house of refreshment at which tea parties may be accommodated. [19]

1825 - Cole, John - Scarborough Guide

"ROBIN HOOD'S BAY
is a small fishing town, thirteen miles north from Scarborough*, and is frequently visited by strangers, on account of the alum-works in its vicinity. The road to it is stony and uneven, over a dreary barren moor, and the hill at Stoupe-brow† is impracticable for a carriage. On descending this hill, from the moor to the sands at Robin Hood's Bay, the road passes the alum-works, where the curiosity of the traveller is gratified with a view of those immense mountains of alum-stone from which the salt is extracted; and the interior works are worthy of observation.

 "The road from the alum-works to the village of Robin Hood's Bay, is along the sandy beach, close under a high,steep cliff, to which the sea flows as the tide advances, and the passage is unsafe, except there be a spacious area of the sand uncovered by the water, or the tide be receding. [p. 89:]

 "The Sea-coast northward from Scarborough is craggy, wild, and terrific, bending inward as far as the River Tees, and by its winding, forming this bay, nearly a mile in breadth. The sands here, are firm and level; but the shore, at a little distance from the Cliff, is rocky; and there is only a narrow passage from the sea, where the fishing boats can land in safety.

 "The village consists of the habitations of fishermen, and once made a grotesque appearance, the houses being strangely scattered over the face of a steep cliff, and some of them hanging in an awful manner on the projecting ledges of the precipice; but this place has lately sustained a great alteration by the falling of the cliff; in consequence of which, the projecting houses and the pavement of the principal street as far as the fronts of the houses on the opposite side, are ruined, and a new road has been made from the landing-place through the interior part of the town. The village derives its name from that famous outlaw, Robin Hood."[20]

1827 - Gregson, J S - Museum Chethamiense

(Enter boy and boobies).
Boy—That's th' skeleton of a man—that's a globe—that's a telescope—that's a snake—over the snake's back's two watch-bills—those are four ancient swords—that with a white haft once belonged to General Wolfe—that's the whip that the snake was kilt with—that topmost's a crocodile—that bottomost's an alligator—that boot once belonged to Queen Elizabeth—that's an Indian pouch—that's an ancient stiletto—that's part of Humphrey Chetham's armour—that with the white face is a monkey—side of the monkey's a green lizard—side of the lizard's a turtle—those bows and arrows belonged to th' Indians—that's a porpus's head—those are various kinds of adders, worms, snakes, fishes, and venomous creatures—those are a pair of eagle's claws—that arrow belonged to one of the legions that fought under the Duke of Richmond at Bosworth Field, in the year 1485, when King Richard the 3rd, King of England, was slain—those arrows once belonged to Robin Hood—that's a sea hen—that's a sea weed—that's a unicorn fish—that's part of an Indian's skull—that's th' top part of it—that's part of Oliver Cromwell's stone tankard—those balls are took out of a cow—that's part of a loadstone—those two pieces of wood was almanacks before printing was found out—that's a hairy man—under the hairy man's a speaking trumpet—side o' th' speaking trumpet's Oliver Cromwell's sword—that's a leathern bag—side of th' leather bag's two cokey [p. 37:] nut shells—side o' th' porpus's skull's a pumpkin—side o' th' pumpkin's an American Cat—over th' pumpkin's a turtle—side o' th' turtle's a sea weed—that top one's a crocodile—under the crocodile's an alligator—under the alligator's a woman's clog that was split by a thunderbolt, an' hoo wasn't hurt—side o' th' crocodile's a sea hen—side o' th' sea hen's a Laplander's snow shoe—that in the box is the skeleton of a nightingale—that table has as many pieces as th' days in a year—this clock only strikes once a year—that's cock that crows when it smells roast beef—and that's th' way out."[21]

1828 - Clarke, Stephen Reynolds - New Yorkshire Gazetteer

Robin Hood's Well [...] a hamlet, partly in the township of Burgh Wallis, parish of Owton [sic], and partly in the township of Skelbrook, parish of Kirkby South, wapentake of Osgoldcross, 7 miles N. W. from Doncaster. This village is situated in what was once Barnsdale Forest, now enclosed, and one of the haunts of the renowned free-booter. The well is a square building, nine feet high, which adjoins the high road; near this place Robin Hood is said to have robbed the Bishop of Hereford, and afterwards compelled him to dance round a tree in his boots.[22]

1828 - Crossley, Thomas - Written at Grave of Robin Hood

WRITTEN AT THE GRAVE OF ROBIN HOOD.

Here while I linger near the silent spot
Where Sherwood's hero slumbers in his grave,
O'er which the indeciduous yew doth wave
Its melancholy shade—a peaceful grot—
My mind reverts to days of monkish pride,
Which often trembled at thy bold career;—
Thou rang'dst, with comrades brave, the forest wide,
With well-strung bows, and slew the mountain deer.
The swift-wing'd shaft—sent with unerring eye—
The wild romantic scenes by thee past o'er, [p. 135:]
Long, long shall charm the heart;—but ah, I sigh,
'The age of Chivalry is now no more!'—
Long may this moss-grown stone*—this uncouth strain,
A brief memorial of thy feats remain.

[Note:] * This celebrated outlaw was interr'd in a sequester'd spot in Kirklees Park, about six miles from Halifax, and five from Birstall. The stone [...] is enclosed by a wall and a railing about ten feet in height. Several large yews and forest-trees grow contiguous, which give to the whole a very imposing and romantic appearance.[23]

1829 - Roby, John - Traditions of Lancashire (1)

As it drew on towards eventide, the mirth increased. The rude legendary ballads of Sir Lancelot of the Lake, Beavois [sic] of Southampton, Robin Hood, The Pindar of Wakefield, and the Friar of Fountain's Abbey, Clim of the Clough, Ranulph of Chester, his Exploits in the Holy Land, together with the wondrous deeds of war and love performed by Sir Roger of Calverly, had been sung and recited to strange and uncouth music. Carols, too, were chanted between whiles in a most unreverend fashion. A huge Christmas pie, made in the shape of a cratch or cradle, was placed on the board. This being accounted a great test of orthodoxy, every one was obliged to eat a slice, lest he should be suspected of favouring the heretical tenets then spreading widely throughout the land.[24]

1829 - Roby, John - Traditions of Lancashire (2)

The king attended divine service at the chapel, where Dr. Morton preached, commanding and exhorting to an obedience well pleasing to their maker; inasmuch as it was rendered to the vice-regent of heaven, the high and mighty and puissant James, Defender of the Faith, and so forth. After this comfortable and gracious doctrine, there was a rush-bearing* and a piping before the king in the [p. 109:] great quadrangle. Robin Hood and Maid Marian, with the fool and hobby-horse were, doubtless, enacted to the jingling of morris-dancers and other profanities.


[Note;]
*This ceremony was formerly used for the conveyance of rushes intended to be strewed in the church upon the clay floors between the benches. It is now generally known but as an unmeaning pageant only practised in the northern and eastern parts of Lancashire, for the purpose of levying contributions on the inhabitants. An immense banner, of silk adorned with tinsel and gay deuces, precedes the rush-cart, wherein the rushes, neatly woven and smooth cut, are piled up and decorated with flowers and ribbands, in rustic taste. The cart, thus [p. 109 n. contd.:] laden, is drawn round to the dwellings of the principal Inhabitants, by morris-dancers, who perform an uncouth dance, attended by a man in motley attire, a sort of nondescript, made up of the ancient fool and maid Marian. This personage jingles a horse-collar hung with bells, which forms not an unsuitable accompaniment to the ceremony.[25]

1830 - Interlocutor - Reminiscient

Like Morland, [the painter Samuel] Scott was improvident and wayward, following the momentary impulse of fancy, and the only reflections he used, were in his professional studies; his foibles relaxed often into an injurious tendency, and he [p. 90:] generally suffered in pocket and health by their influences. But, Sir, I am going out of the path; you wish me to be less digressive and more anecdotal. I will endeavour to be so. I observe that he was not exempted from difficulties. A little difference required adjusting with him and a publican then living at the Robin Hood, Hoxton Old Town. The result was the issuing of a writ for payment. The officer, as most fellows are in this calling, being blunt and pertinacious, he entered our little dwelling, looking pleasantly over towards the Rosemary Branch, famous for company, water-sport and Devonshire cider, and finding Scott at work, told him his business, and said, 'If you can't pay me my demand, Sir, I must remain with you and take Scott and Lot, or the like.'—'Not so,' replied my husband warmly, 'nay, Mr. Bailiff, if you want Scott, I am your humble servant for a sponge; but, as for Lot, why you may go nxt door, where' (his neighbour kept a shop, and was named Launcelot Salter,) 'you may see his wife turned into a pillar of salt.'—'Ay, ay,' rejoined the unsuspicious Bailiff, 'a pillar of salt, eh?'—'Verily so,' added my husband, shutting the door, and chuckling most affectedly with me at the indicent. He applied, however, to a friend for assostance, and the needful settled all dispute without further parley.[26]

1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (03)

 EDWINSTOW, a parish in the Hatfield division of the wapentake of Bassetlaw, county of Nottingham, 2 miles (W. by S.) from Ollerton, comprising the chapelries of Carburton, Ollerton, and Perlethorpe, and the townships of Budby and Clipstone, and containing 1753 inhabitants. The living is a vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Nottingham, and diocese of York, rated in the king’s books at £14., and in the patronage of the Dean of Lincoln. The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a large ancient building. There is a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. John Bellamy, in 1719, bequeathed a school-house and land for the instruction of eight children: in 1824 it was taken down and a new house built on the site, at the expense of Earl Manvers: the income is £10 a year, and the school is free for all the poor children of the parish. The principal object of note is the last remnant of the ancient Forest of Sherwood, celebrated in ballad story as the scene of the exploits of Robin Hood and his faithful band of archers, extending for the distance of three miles and a half from east to north, and two from north to south.[27]

1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (04)

The market days [in Gloucester] are Wednesday and Saturday, and there is a market for live stock on the first Monday in every month: the markets were formerly held in the open streets, but two large and commodious market-houses have been erected one in Eastgate-street, for the sale of corn, meat, poultry, and vegetables; and the other in Southgate-street, for fish, butter, &c.: in front of the latter are two conduits, supplied with water from the reservoir at Robin Hood’s hill. The cattle market is held in a spacious area judiciously appropriated to the purpose. The fairs are, April 5th, July 5th, September 28th and 29th (for cheese), and November 28th.[28]

1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (05)

 HATHERSAGE, a parish in the hundred of High Peak, county of Derby, 5¼ miles (N. by E.) from Stoney-Middleton, comprising the chapelries of Darwent and Stoney-Middleton, and the hamlets of Bamford, Hathersage, and Outseats, and containing 1856 inhabitants. The living is a discharged vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Derby, and diocese of Lichfield and Coventry, rated in the king’s books at £7. 0. 5., endowed with £200 private benefaction, £400 royal bounty, and £2000 parliamentary grant, and in the patronage of the Duke of Devonshire. The church, dedicated to St. Michael, is an ancient embattled structure in the later style of English architecture, consisting of a nave, side aisles, and chancel, with a lofty spire: in the chancel are several monuments of the family of Eyre, ancestors of the earls of Newburg; on an altar-tomb, represented on brass plates, are effigies of Robert Eyre, who fought in the battle of Agincourt, and of his wife and fourteen children. On the south side of the church-yard is a spot shewn as the place of interment of Little John, the favourite companion of Robin Hood: the body of a Mr. B. Ashton, who was buried here in 1725, was discovered, in 1781, quite perfect and petrified, retaining the flesh colour as when entombed. There is a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists, and a chapel for Roman Catholics. This parish is in the honour of Tutbury, duchy of Lancaster, and within the jurisdiction of a court of pleas held at Chapel en le Frith every third Tuesday, for the recovery of debts under 40s. In 171 8 a school was erected by subscription, on a piece of land given by B. Ashton, Esq., who endowed it with £5 per annum for the schoolmaster; the premises having become dilapidated, the school has been discontinued, and the arrears of annuity amount to about £100. There are several bequests for the use of the poor. Here are manufactories for needles, buttons, and calico. The river Derwent flows through the parish. Eastward from the church is Camp Green, a circular enclosure encompassed by a single mound and moat, evidently of Danish origin. In the vicinity are some irregular rocks.[29]

1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (06)

 KIRK-LEES, a hamlet in that part of the parish of Dewsbury which is in the wapentake of Morley, West riding of the county of York, 5 miles (N. N. E.) from Huddersfield. The population is returned with the parish. Here was a Cistercian nunnery, erected in the reign of Henry II., by Reynerus Flandrensis, and dedicated to the Virgin and St. James, the revenue of which, at the suppression, was valued at £20. 7. 8.: the celebrated Robin Hood was buried here, where his tomb is yet to be seen.[30]

1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (07)

 MANSFIELD, a market town and parish, comprising the hamlets of Pleasley Hill, Radmansthwaite, and Moor-Haigh, in the northern division of the wapentake of Broxtow, county of Nottingham. 14 miles (N. by W.) from Nottingham, and 138 (N. N.W.) from London, containing 7881 inhabitants. [...] Till the year 1715, the courts for the forest of Sherwood, celebrated in ballad story as the scene of the exploits of the renowned archer, Robin Hood, and his band of freebooters, were held at Mansfield. The town Is situated on the road from London to Leeds, in a deep vale, in the centre of the ancient Forest of Sherwood: it is of considerable size, and consists of three principal streets, besides others branching from them, which are narrow and irregular: the houses are principally built of grey stone, and, at the entrance to the town from Southwell, there are several excavated in the sand-stone rock. [...][31]

1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (08)

 [...] The lawless and predatory habits of the ancient borderers, so large a portion of whom inhabited this county [i.e. Northumberland], are well known they were finally suppressed about the commencement of the last century; and the numerous ballads in which the achievements of these half-licensed brigands were celebrated, have, like the ballad of Robin Hood, ceased to engage the public mind, but have assumed a less changeable form in the volumes of Percy and of Scott, as lasting memorials of a state of manners which, at least in Britain, has probably disappeared for ever.[32]

1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (09)

The traditions respecting Robin Hood and the Sherwood outlaws of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, which, in the form of popular ballads, were current for ages among the lower orders, seem to have fallen into oblivion in the latter part of the last century, and are now scarcely preserved, except in the libraries of the curious. [33]

1831 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England (14)

 WHITWELL, a parish in the hundred of Alstoe, county of Rutland, 4½ miles (E.) from Oakham, containing 112 inhabitants. The living is a rectory, in the archdeaconry of Northampton, and diocese of Peterborough, rated in the king’s books at £5, and in the patronage of Sir G. Noel Noel, Bart. The church is dedicated to St. Michael. A small mound in the neighbourhood, bearing the name of Robin Hood’s Cave, is supposed to have been a retreat of that celebrated outlaw.[34]

1831 - Roby, John - Traditions of Lancashire, Second Series (1)

A clear rock spring, in a gloomy dell below the Hall [sc. Healey Hall], is still called “the Spaw," and often frequented by youths and maidens on May mornings. Hence some have imagined, that this Dene and its Spaw may have given to the river running hrough it the name of Spodden, or Spaw-Dene. Another spring, higher up, is called Robin Hood's Well, from that celebrated outlaw, who seems to have been the favourite champion of these parts, and who, according to some authorities, lies buried at Kirklaw, in the West Riding of York.
 Such holy wells were, in more superstitious, if not happier ages, the supposed haunts of elves, fairies, and other such beings, not unaptly denominated the rabble of mythology.[35]

1831 - Roby, John - Traditions of Lancashire, Second Series (2)

The following night she watched the moon, as it rose above the huge crags, breaking the long undulating horizon of Blackstone Edge, called "Robin Hood's Bed," or "Robin Hood's chair."*


[Note] * On a bleak moor, called Monstone Edge, in this hamlet, is a huge moor-stone or outlier, which (though part of it was broken off and removed some years ago) still retains the name of Monstone. It is said to have been quoited thither by Robin Hood, from his bed on the top of Blackstone Edge, about six miles off. After striking the mote or mark aimed at, the stone bounced off a few hundred yards, and settled there. These stones, however, in all probability, if not Druidical, were landmarks, the ancient boundary of the hamlet of Healey; and, as was once customary, the marvellous story of this ancient outlaw might be told to the urchins, who accompanied the perambulators, with the addition, probably, of a few kicks and cuffs, to make them remember the spot.[36]

1831 - Roby, John - Traditions of Lancashire, Second Series (3)

"Like enough — like enough, though thou hast to brag for't," said the first speaker tauntingly, — an old customer of the house, and a compiler of leathern extremities for the good burghers and their wives.
 "Give o'er your gostering," said another; – "Non omnes qui citharam tenent, sunt citharædi. Many talk of Robin Hood who never shot from his bow. Know ye not 'tis Peggy's year, and her oblation hath not been rendered? Eschew therefore the rather your bravery until this night be overpast."[37]

1831 - Roby, John - Traditions of Lancashire, Second Series (4)

"How long run we on through these great blubbering waves, ere we end our voyage? This night wind is worse than a Robin Hood's thaw."[38]

1832 - Scott, Walter - Inscription for Robin Hood's Well

Beside this crystal font of old
Cooled his flushed brow an outlaw bold
His bow was slackened while he drank,
His quiver rested on the bank,
Giving brief pause of doubt and fear
To feudal lords and forest deer.
Long since the date — but village sires
Still sing his feats by Christmas fires,
And still old England's free-born mood
Stirs at the name of Robin Hood.[39]

1835 - Cromwell, Thomas - Walks through Islington

Ere we finally quit Hoxton, and Finsbury Fields, it may be noticed that a public-house, called the Robin Hood, stands within the precincts of the former, and overlooks the latter, which witnessed the expiring games of the metropolitan archers, and was one of their chief places of resort when their sports were over. In our youthful days, the appropriate sign, representing the famed outlaw, and his constant attendant, both in their suits of "Lincoln green," yet swung from an arm of a lofty tree before the door; and the following invitatory couplets met the eye beneath:— [p. 112:]

"Ye Archers bold, and Yeomen good,
Stop and drink with Robin Hood.
If Robin Hood is not at home,
Stop and drink with Little John."


The tree and the sign, the last relics of the "good old times" of Archery, have, however, disappeared; and the house, having acquired a modern fron, is merely called "The Robin Hood" by way of customary distinction for houses "in the public line."[40]

1835 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England

 EDWINSTOWE (St. Mary), a parish, in the Hatfield Division of the hundred of Bassetlaw, county of Nottingham, 1½ mile (W. by S.) from Ollerton, containing 1992 inhabitants. This parish is situated on the road from Ollerton to Mansfield, and in that part of the forest of Sherwood which is called the Hays of Birkland and Bilhagh. This portion of the forest, according to a survey under the authority of the crown, in 1609, was found to contain 2435 forest acres; also 49,909 oak trees, which had passed their maturity, and 65,864 which were in their prime; all belonging to the crown. It is now the property of Earl Manvers, and there are about 9000 decayed oaks still remaining. Some of the trees were cut down in 1786, when, in sawing them into planks, several inscriptions were found deeply imbedded in the trunks; among these were I O—R surmounted with a crown, supposed to be the initials of Johannes Rex; I R surmounted with a crown, supposed to be those of James; SHERWd, 1575, and w and M surmounted by a crown. Some of them were nearly two feet within the trunk, and are supposed to have been inscribed in the reigns of the several sovereigns whose initials they respectively denote. The living is a vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Nottingham, and diocese of York, valued in the king's books at £14; present net income, £639: it is in the patronage of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln, the impropriators. The church is a spacious ancient edifice, with a tower and a lofty octagonal spire ornamented with canopied niches. There are chapels of ease at Carburton, Ollerton, and Perlethorpe; and a place of worship for Wesleyan Methodists. John and Ellen Bellamy, in 1719, founded a school for the gratuitous instruction of poor children, which they endowed with lands producing at present about £12 per annum; the school, which is conducted upon Dr. Bell's plan, and open to all the children of the parish, is partly supported by subscription. The rents of some land called the poor's land, consisting of 109 acres, and producing £60 per annum, are distributed among the poor, one-half to the poor of Edwinstowe, and the other half between the poor of Budby and Clipstone. This parish contains all that remains of the ancient forest of Sherwood, so celebrated in legendary romance for the exploits of Robin Hood, who is said to have compelled Friar Tuck to solemnize the marriage of his companion Allan a Dale with a wealthy heiress in the parish church of this place. Lady M. W. Montague was born at Thoresby, in this parish.[41]

1836 - Crabtree, John - Concise History of Halifax (1)

On the right side of the road leading to the village of Luddenden there was formerly the remains of an altar, called Robin Hood's Penny Stone, who is said to have used this stone to pitch with at a mark for amusement, and to have thrown the Standing Stone, in Sowerby off an adjoining hill with his spade as he was digging ! Report says that it was surrounded with a circle, but a few years ago this relic of antiquity was broken up for building purposes.[42]

1836 - Crabtree, John - Concise History of Halifax (2)

We have no evidence to shew what might be the state of the population in all the out-townships, at an early period of our history, [p. 311:] but some inference may be drawn even as far back as the olden time when "Robert, earl of Huntingdon," ranged the forest of Sowerbyshire.

     "Nea arcir vir as him sa geud
     An pipl kauld him Kobin Heud;
     Sic utlauz az he, an iz men,
     Vil Inglonde nivr si agen."

At least so says his epitaph. Tradition says, his remains lies under an ancient cross at Kirklees, where he died in 1274.[43]

1836 - Crabtree, John - Concise History of Halifax (3)

CALLIS.
A house which some believe to be the oldest in the vicarage, and where tradition says that Robin Hood some time resided; but no other marks of its antiquity appeared in Watson's time, than that the north part of it was studded after the manner of building in former times. It might take its name from the Latin word Callis, which meant a path made by wild beasts in forests and mountains.[44]

1836 - Thiele, J M - Letters from England and Scotland

 Min Reises Maal var denne Dag Doncaster, hvor jeg ankom omtrent kl. 1. Strax udenfor Byen viste [p. 248:] Man mig en Kilde, som bærer Navnet Robin Woods Well efter en berygtet Røver, Walter Scott i sin Ivanhoe skal have skildret som den lystige Eneboer.


[IRHB translation:]

 The destination of my journey this day was Doncaster, to which I arrived around 1 p.m. Immediately outside town, [p. 248:] I was shown a well which carries the name Robin Wood's Well after a notorious robber whom Walter Scott is said to have portrayed as the merry hermit in his Ivanhoe.[45]

1837 - Holland, John - Tour of Don

A little to the north of the spot where this river [River Loxley] unites with the Rivelin, lies an extensive plain called Loxley Chase, and traditionally pointed out as the birth-place either of Robin Hood, who was sometimes called Locksley, from the place of his birth—or at least one of his followers, whose name in sound if not in spelling is identical with that of the place referred to; though what grounds of identity are traceable between our Hallamshire locality and the "Sweet Locksley [p. 177:] town in merry Nottinghamshire," where, according to the ballad, "bold Robin Hood was born and bred," it would be difficult to say. The question has its interest with ballad-antiquaries: but evidence that proves too much will be received with suspicion—the story, therefore, that some fragments of a building formerly pointed out were the remains of the early dwelling of the Sherwood royster, or the fact that his well is still pointed out in Cliff Rocher, are circumstances rather amusing than elucidatory.[46]

1840 - Orange, James - History and Antiquities of Nottingham (1)

There is a famous spring of water near Nottingham, which has for many centuries been constituted a bath, and is said to be the second coldest in England; it was anciently called "Robin Hood's well.'" 1409, Henry IV. built a chapel here, which was dedicated to "St. Anne;" however, it appears to have been regarded in all past ages more as a place of merriment than of Christian worship, and the sylvan bowers by which it was surrounded were more frequently the scene of youthful recreations and impassioned love, than of solemn prayer, that we can hardly think the new name of "St. Anne" being given to this well, was more appropriate than its more ancient one of "Robin Hood's well." Indeed public custom, as well as opinion, seems to have denounced the sacrilege, and to have preferred the old patron rather than the new saint; for the chapel did not exist here quite 200 years, and after its destruction, on the same site there was erected a public house. The east end of that quondam chapel is now the east end of the house, and a large fire-place occupies the room where once the altar stood; and higher in the wall (according to Mr. Ellis, watchmaker, of this town, ninety years ago), there was a stone with a date engraved upon it, 1409.

The people who kept this public-house had an old wicker chair, which was called Robin Hood's chair, a bow, and an iron cap; these reliques were affirmed to have been the property of the famous Robin Hood, and were said to have been the means of drawing multitudes from curiosity to the place, and procured the mayor's woodward, who kept the public-house there, a deal of custom, especially at Christmas, Easter, and Whitsuntide, when husbands and fathers took their spouses and children to enjoy the sports of the seasons; also young men led their sweethearts to mix in the busy throng, and, according to tradition, the fair ones thought themselves slighted by their lovers, if they were not forced to sit down, and then be saluted in Robin Hood's chair.

The following is from an old author quoted by Deering, p. 73:

"At St. Anne's well there is a dwelling-house, serving as an habitation for the woodward of those woods, being an officer of the mayor. This house is likewise a victualling-house, having adjoining to it fair summer-houses, bowers, and arbours, covered by the plashing and interweaving of oak boughs for shades, in which are tables of large oak planks, seated about with banks of earth fleightered, and covered with green sods, like green carsie cushions. There is also a building, containing two fair rooms; an upper and lower one, serving for such as repair thither, to retire in case of rain or bad weather thither do the townsmen resort by an ancient custom beyond memory.

"This well is all summer long much frequented, and there are but few fair days, from March to October, in which some company or other of the town, such as use to consort there, use not to fetch a walk to this well, either to dine or sup, or both, some sending their provision to be dressed; others bespeaking what they will have; and when any people of the town have their friends come to them, they are considered to have given them no welcome, unless they entertain them at this well. Beside, there are many meetings of gentlemen, both from the town and county, making choice of this place, rather than the town, for their rendezvous to recreate themselves at, by reason of the sweetness and openness of the air. Where, besides their artificial, they have the natural music of the woods without charge; in the spring, the nightingale, and in the autumn, the woodlark: a bird whose notes for variety and sweetness, are nothing inferior to the former, which, filled with the voices of other birds, like inward parts in song, serve to double I the melodious harmony of those sweet warbling trebles. Here are, likewise, many venison feasts, and such as feed not the sense of taste, with the flesh thereof when dead, yet may fill their sight with those creatures living, which all summer long are picking up weeds in the corn fields and closes; and in winter, and hard weather, gathering sallads in the gardens of such houses as lie north of the town.

"Among other meetings, I may not omit one royal and remarkable assembly at this place, whereof myself was an eye-witness, which was, that it pleased our late sovereign, king James II., in his return from hunting in this forest, to honour this well with his royal presence, ushered by that noble lord Gilbert, earl of Shrewsbury, and attended by others of the nobility, both of the court and country, when they drank the woodward and his barrels dry."

There is every degree of probability that this was a rendezvous for Robin Hood, and his merry men; its situation (observes the author of "Walks round Nottingham," p. 289), must have been peculiarly adapted for it. Its near approximity to the town, rendered intercourse with it of no great difficulty, and the thickness of the forest in this place, formed a secure barrier against attack; and [p. 370:] when we consider the unquiet times of Richard I. and John, and the strong band which the gallant archer commanded, there can be no great wonder excited at the circumstance of his being able to maintain his ground against every antagonist. Several articles said to have belonged to the outlaw, and which for ages had been exhibited here, were purchased in 1827, by Mr. Raynor, the comedian, and introduced into a melo-drama at one of the London theatres.

In latter days the healing virtues attributed to this spring of water, gave it value in the estimation of the holy mother church, and a building was erected here, called St. Anne's chapel, the priests of which demanded a fee of every one using the water. We visited this place 23rd April, 1839, in company with a friend; it was a lovely morning, and resuscitated nature arising from the langour and death-like faintness of steril winter was assuming her gayest attire, every flower, every leaf, every opening bud of rarer trees, and even the unheeded thorn, sent forth the sweetest aroma, and filled the air with perfume. Arriving at the humble cottage, there were the lofty hills and the lovely valley, but where where the coppice? The well is there, it is a bath, and has a dressing room, both excavated out of the rock; the spring is as strong, and the water as clear as in the days of Henry IV. or bold Robin Hood; but where are the sylvan bowers the umbrageous glens, and all the gay delights and laughing pleasures of woodland scenery? they are gone — and gone for ever.

There is the same cottage called "St. Anne's,'" but it is not the residence of the mayor's woodward now; a widow of the name of Lucy Picard inhabits it, who entertains parties at very moderate charges; there is a very fine large room with board floor, detached from the cottage, in which nearly one hundred people might take tea or dinner. In consequence of sabbath breaking, fights and tumults so often happening, it was found expedient to remove the license in 1825, and there is now nothing intoxicating sold on the premises; there is a delightful garden and pleasure ground, in which the company are allowed to walk, and there are swings for young people to amuse themselves; but the rarest object of attraction is the ingeniously formed maze cut out in the green sward. Hence the party, whether girl or boy, who undertakes to run the Shepherd's Race, must run, or they would fall or tread upon the grassy side, which is to lose the race, and the constant turning and winding about of the path-way awakens the utmost vigilance in the breast of the earnest aspirant of youthful fame. No sight is more pretty or engaging than to behold six or eight [p. 371:] young girls and boys running at the same moment the varying am seemingly interminable windings of the Shepherd's Race.[47]

1841 - Daniel, George - Merrie England in the Olden Time

 The several rehearsals being over, and all things put in order for their approaching campaign, the exhibitors were about to depart, when it occurred to Uncle timothy that he had not paid his footing for being admitted behind the scenes. He addressed the real wild Indian, and begged her to call for what best pleased her palate; which call resolved itself into a rasher on the coals, a Welsh rabbit, a rummer of nutbrown, and a thimblefull of brandy to keep off the spasms. She was then escorted to her tea-kettle, and put under cover for the night. The bear and the monkey having been similarly disposed of, their respective shavers made merry with the rest of the show-folk. Uncle Timothy took the poor little Italian boys under his own care, and feasted them plenteously. At this moment a rival tea-kettle drew up, with a caravan in the rear.
'Pray, madam,' said a tragedy queen, peeping through a bit of ragged green curtain that depended before the entrance of the tea-kettle, toa dwarf in the caravan, 'do you put up at Mother Red-Cap's?' {p. 370:] 'Not I, madam,' responded the Lilliputian lady, 'I stops at the Robin Hood at merry Hoxton; none but the lower orders stops at Mother Red-Cap's!' And the caravan moved on as fast as the wall-eyed, half-starved anatomy of a Rosinante could drag it.[48]

1841 - Hall, Spencer Timothy - Forester's Offering (1)

Leaving this melancholy monument of feudal animosity [sc. an unfinished manor house near Annesley Woodhouse], by the farm-house I have mentioned, you come in a walk of about half a mile to the ridge of those wild, grey, ferny uplands, Robin Hood's Hills, over which, most probably, Washington Irving has already taken you, in his delightful reminiscences of Newstead Abbey. You have rested at the top — you have gazed again and again on the countless hamlets, and halls, and cottages, and spires which stud the beautiful, far-stretching, western landscape, to where it closes with the sky up amid the Peaks of Derbyshire — and you have recognised the old farm-house at Grives, sending its long, long wreath of blue smoke gracefully upcurling in the still, pure sunshine, below you, but where is the romantic little glen you so recently rejoiced in? Conscious as you are that it can not be more than half a mile distant, see you no pleasant sign of its locality? None! any more than if it had been opened by enchantment just for the occasion, and then immediately closed again forever![49]

1841 - Hall, Spencer Timothy - Forester's Offering (2)

  Down on the confines of the county, near to Welbeck Park, are the romantic recesses of Cresswell [sic] Crags and Markland Grips, from which the Wollen winds into Welbeck Lake. These cavernous rocks, which are almost described by their own names, are little inferior in imposing grandeur to some parts of Matlock Dale; and the immortal name of the bold chieftain [sc. Robin Hood] is identified with them, as with all other natural strongholds in this and the approximate counties. Here are clefts—wide, grim, and deep—so deep that their extent is now unknown—the approaches to some of which are extremely difficult. One of them which, though not so extensive as some, is the most remarkable of all, I once explored myself. Its entrance is shaded by a pleasant bower of indigenous trees and shrubs, and the look-out from among these, down the valley, is truly delicious. After procuring a candle from one of the neighbouring cottages, and piercing the gloom for about a dozen yards, I came to a small aperture on the left, perhaps two feet in diameter, having crept through which, I found myself in a magnificent apartment, called Robin Hood's Hall, with walls beautifully coruscant, and so lofty that my light was too diminutive to reach the roof. Beyond this are several other extensive rooms, which, with the rustics in the vicinity, have from generation to generation borne the names of Robin Hood's Pantry, parlour, chamber, etc. In a recess in one of the rooms, is a spring of clear, cold water; and I should think this cave alone of sufficient magnitude to accomodate fifty outlaws, with plenty of room for six [p. 22:] months' stores, and every convenience for cooking and domestic recreation,—so that with a grey stone rolled against the entrance, which would have the appearance of a portion of the solid rock to any intruder from without—admitting any stranger bold enough to attempt an intrusion in such darkly-superstitiuous times—the whole band might winter here without the slightest fear of molestation from those who could have any evil disposition towards them.

  Supposing, then, this rocky fortification to have been the winter retreat of Robin and his hardy band; imagining him to have drawn around him here, during his Christmas festivities amid scenes so strange and wild, the homeless, the world-weary, the bereaved, the persecuted, the outcast and the forlorn, of all denominations, and to have made them all nobles in his own free court; then imagining again the winter to have passed away, and spring to have filled the heavens with sunshine, the earth with verdure, and the heart of man and every living thing with hope and gladness; and then, O! then, when he sallied at length into the Forest, what a vast scene of magnificence, and majesty, and wonder, and beauty, must have awaited his buoyant, exultant out-stepping![50]

1844 - Barnes, William - Miaken up a Miff

Look up an' let the evemen light
But sparkle in thy eyes so bright
As thāe be oben to the light
O' zunzet in the west
An' lè's stroll here var hafe an hour
Wher hangèn boughs damiake a bow'r
Upon theōs bank wi' eltrot flow'r
An' Robinhoods a-drest.[51]

1845 - Palmer, Charles Ferrers - History of Tamworth (1)

 Nor yet, in conclusion, should we neglect to point out those objects in the neighbourhood worthy of the notice of the antiquary. He too, who loves to dwell on scenes of former days, may visit, within the compass of a few miles, spots whose very names echo the voice of ages fled, and bring remembrance of the past. Not far away still stand the mouldering ruins of the earliest convent in these parts, raised by the great monarch Ecgberht as a habitation for his daughter Editha, whom Modwen taught and Lyne and Osythe led. There are also other cloister shades, the walls now changed to a different use, once the recluses’ dwelling. The high mound still marks the battle field where Saxons fought, and the Mercian king was slain by an usurper, who himself, in his turn, was doomed to fall before the expiration of the year. The tombs where Romans sleep may partly yet be seen, known as the butts of Robin Hood, because, as tradition tells, he often there exercised his skill with his merry company. Many other objects of equal interest still remain around the town, to which we cannot particularly allude in this place.[52]

1845 - Palmer, Charles Ferrers - History of Tamworth (2)

 We must now turn our attention from the very general and enlarged view, in which we have been lately compelled to give the history of Tamworth, to subjects of more particular and limited interest. And this course of proceeding we adopt with the greater pleasure, as we enter into a field freer from the dry details, which have demanded our chief consideration, since the period of the conquest. The first point, which will occupy our regard, is one connected with tales and legends, heard with intense interest and gratification in the vernal days of childhood, and remembered with pleasure, when the winter of life has chilled the energy of youth, and hoary made the head. [p. 60:]

 According to the common tradition of the locality, Tamworth and the surrounding neighbourhood were the frequent resort of the famous outlaw, Robin Hood. By the name of his butts, have ever been known the Roman tumuli at Wigginton and Elford. It has been suggested that they might have received this appellation, merely from their being the common archery grounds, where the people practised the noble art, once so highly prized in this kingdom. But, had it been usual for such places to be so named, every town and village would have boasted of its Robin Hood’s butts. There is not the least improbability in his visiting this place, as he so constantly haunted localities within about thirty miles distant. The extensive royal woods around this town would doubtless form a rich field for his adventures. The tale, however, that he was able to shoot from one of these butts to the other seems to have been a modern addition, in order to account for their designation. It was in fact a total impossibility, as the distance is nearly two miles. The longest shot which Robin is recorded to have made, was when he was requested to exhibit his dexterity with the bow by Richard, abbot of Whitby, with whom he and his lieutenant, Little John, went to dine, most probably without waiting for the formality of a special invitation. From the top of the abbey, he and his companion let two arrows fly, which fell, one on either side of a lane, not far from Whitby laths. The distance was about a mile and a quarter; and it must have been very considerably increased by the elevated situation which the shooters occupied, as the abbey stood on the summit of a cliff. This feat occurred in 1188. In memory of the transaction, the abbot caused [p. 61:] two pillars to be erected, where the arrows fell, on each of which was inscribed the name of the shooter.

 We are, indeed, unwilling to lose the connection of Tamworth with the bold rover of the forests. He is the only malefactor, whose memory reflects no disgrace on those places, with which his name is associated. On the contrary, it has attached an almost sacred character to them; for the very crimes of the outlaw were rendered hallowed to succeeding generations. His constant opposition to the tyranny of the Norman lords and his principles of equality endeared him, in the strongest manner, to the Saxons, who formed the great mass of the population. For, according to the old historians, though an arch-robber, he was the gentlest thief that ever lived, and a man of unbounded charity. The opulent and noble he deprived of their wealth, to enrich the poor; and for the oppressed, he frequently obtained the redress, for which they vainly ought elsewhere. He was not destitute of the deep religious temper of those olden times, which influenced every action of life, and, however anomalous it might be thought, gave a peculiar tinge even to the commission of misdeeds themselves. The same source of all the refined feelings, which characterize Christianity, gave him, in common with the rest, that generous and noble disposition towards the tenderer sex, so universal in the days of chivalry, whence it as descended to our times. For, according to the old ballad,

Robin loved our dere Lady;
For doute of dedely synne,
Wolds he never do company harm
That any woman was ynne.

[p. 62:] There has been much dispute respecting the title which Robin Hood is said to have possessed of earl of Huntingdon. His real name is conjectured to have been Robert Fitz-ooth; and the common-people, dropping the Norman Fitz, modified it into Hood. Robin might probably have been an alteration of Roving,–a title most appropriate to him, on account of the unsettled and wandering life which he led. All the ballads concerning him present the marks of changes in orthography, at different periods. If these opinions be correct, he most certainly was connected with the family of Simon de St. Liz, earl of Huntingdon. But in the old legends, he is often styled simply a yeoman. Thus one, entitled "a lytell geste of Robyn hode and his meyne, and of the proude sheryfe of Notyngham" begins

"Lithe and lysten, gentylmen,
That be of fre-bore blode:
I shall you tell of a good yeman,
His name was Robyn hode."

 This circumstance has formed the foundation of one of the greatest objections, which has been urged against his having held the title. A little consideration, however, will remove the difficulty, in a very great measure. A yeoman he might have been; for he does not appear to have possessed any estates. It is probable that the family property was confiscated in his father’s time, in consequence of the rebellion of Robert de Ferrers against Henry II., in 1173. According to the collection, called "Robin Hood’s Garland," he was a native of Loxley, which belonged to the Ferrers’ family. He [p. 63:] could not have assumed the title until the death of John Scott, tenth and last earl of Huntingdon (also of Chester), in 1237. He was, at that time, an old man; and his deeds of renown were almost brought to a close. Hence the ballads relating to exploits which occurred previously to this time might rightly denominate him a yeoman.

 But even supposing that Robin Hood were Fitz-ooth, his right to the earldom of Huntingdon was of a very dubious nature. It would rather descend with the sisters and coheiresses of John Scott, than pass to him. It is not improbable that he might have assumed the title whilst it lay dormant, or it was assigned to him by the people, rather than that he properly possessed it. In fact, without regarding any other point, he was incapable as an outlaw of holding it. But here we are entering so deeply into the wide region of conjecture, that we shall draw this part of our subject to a conclusion.

 Bold Robin died when he must have attained an age of upwards of eighty years. The stone over his humble tomb, near the nunnery of Kirklees, in Yorkshire, still remains. It once bore this inscription, now effaced by time.[53]

Hear, undernead dis latil [sic] stean,
laiz robert, earl of huntingtun;
nea archir ver az hie sae geud,
an pipl kauld im Robin Heud.
sick utlawz as hi an iz men
vil England nivir si agen.
  obiit 24 kal. dekembris, 1247.

1845 - White, William - General Directory of Town and Borough of Sheffield (1)

There is an Unitarian Chapel at Stannington; and an old Independent Chapel at Loxley, near which is the romantic Cliffe Rocher, or Little Matlock, in the heart of Loxley Chase, now enclosed, and said to have been one of the haunts, if not the birth-place, of Robin Hood.[54]

1845 - White, William - General Directory of Town and Borough of Sheffield (2)

[1845:] Tradition says Little John, the famed gigantic companion of Robin Hood, 'lies buried in the church-yard [of Hathersage Church], with one stone at his head, and another at his feet,' and that his bow was hanging up in the church in 1652.[55]

1847 - Walbran, John Richard - Harrogate Visitors Hand Book

The picturesque effect, the magnitude, and the beautiful architecture of these ruins are not their only claim on our attention. They powerfully appeal to the mind by their association with ages past, the palmy days of monastic prosperity — the abbey, a place of learning when all around was ignorance &hdash; exercising an unbounded influence over the minds of men, when dominion elsewhere was held by force — entire in its magnificence, "when the castles of the nobility were dungeons, and the mansions of the gentry little better than hovels." Even a favourite legend of our boyhood has its locality here; and if we should task imagination to restore this roofless and tenantless pile, and people it with grave Cistercians, habited in coarse white robes and long black hoods, some gayer person- [p. 27:] ages in Lincoln green might intrude upon the scene, and the foreground be enlivened by the aquatic adventure of Robin Hood, and the merry outlaws' encounter with the Curtal Friar and the Ban-Dogs of Fountains.[56]

1848 - Lewis, Samuel - Topographical Dictionary of England

 KIRKLEES, a hamlet, in the chapelry of Hartshead cum Clifton, parish of Dewsbury, wapentake of Morley, W. riding of York, 5 miles (N. N. E.) from Huddersfield; containing 1779 inhabitants. This place is celebrated as the site of a Cistercian nunnery, founded in the reign of Henry II. by Reynerus Flandrensis, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary and St. James, and the revenue of which, at the Dissolution, was £20. 7. 8. The remains were granted in the reign of Elizabeth, to Robert Pilkington, and subsequently to the Armytages, whose mansion formed part of the conventual buildings, till the time of James I., when the family erected Kirklees Hall, the present seat of Sir George Armytage, Bart. Of the nunnery, which stood on the bank of a rivulet, only small portions now remain; but among the various farm-offices that have been erected, the foundations may be distinctly traced. The tomb of Elizabeth de Stainton, a prioress of the convent, and another thought to be that of a relation, serve to point out the site of the church, which appears to have been at least 150 feet in length. The Hall is a spacious stone mansion, beautifully situated on an eminence, in a well-wooded park tastefully laid out, and embracing extensive prospects, and much variety of scenery. Kirklees was the resort and occasional abode of Robin Hood, who is supposed to have been bled to death by a nun, and was buried here in a secluded spot within the limits of the park; his tomb is surrounded by an iron railing. The walk to the place, through the woods, nearly a mile in length, commands beautiful views of Elland, Brighouse, and the river Calder. At the entrance of the Hall was formerly Robin Hood's statue, rudely sculptured in stone, representing him leaning on an unbent bow, with a quiver of arrows, and a sword at his side; and smaller statues of him and his men are still preserved at Kirklees.[57]

1851 - Walbran, John Richard - Guide to Ripon, Fountains Abbey

Now, all attention is naturally centered in the abbey, and fortunately, there is nothing intervening to distract the eye. We begin, immediately, to hasten down a precipice, arched, [p. 89:] deeply and picturesquely, in the woods; and, on arriving at the path by the side of the stream, will perhaps scarcely glance the diversity of scenes which the union of the dense woods with their liquid mirror presents.

Yet awhile may fancy beguile us with merry visions of the past. On this glade — doubt who can — the "Curtal Friar" of Fountains encountered Robin Hood, whom, as the old ballad goes, he at length threw into the Skell, and so grievously belaboured, that Robin, for once, turned coward, and called in the aid of his fifty stalwart yeomen; also that then the Friar, who

"Had kept Fountain-dale,
Seven long years and more,"

was brought to his senses and a truce. Before we reach the abbey, we shall be reduced to halt on a shady knoll; and, while reclining by the crystal Well that still bears the Outlaw's name, may chant the "Rime of Robin Hood" in one of the sweetest spots associated with his name.

Tradition points to the figures of a large bow and arrow and hound, graven on the north-east angle of the Lady Chapel, as a record of this dire affray. They bear no affinity to the symbols used by the masons; but have, I fancy, induced the report, mentioned in Ritson, that Robin's bow and arrow were preserved at Fountains Abbey.[58]

1851 - West, R - Lines written on a Beautiful Glen

Behold how they flock to the Glen from each village.
Sweet echo resounds from Baildon's high plain.
Here Robin Hood's Chair is hewn out in the rock.
The Larches and Poplars uplift their proud heads.
But O what sweet melodies sound in the wood.
The old Druid's Pulpit is seen in the Glen,
And the Writing Desk too, if tradition be true.
From Bingley and Bradford, and Leeds they resort—
Some have breathed the foul gas in the mill.
Ye Cottingley friends and Wilsden likewise,
And Harden that lies near the Grange,
You may come to the Glen sweet pleasures to find,
And your minds relieve with a change.
And Cullingworth, too, where Odd-fellows unite,
Considered intelligent men,
If you choose, you may roam o'er the sweet fragrant bloom,
You are welcome to visit the Glen.[59]

1854 - Roby, John - Literary and Poetical Remains (1)

 "Be of good cheer," said the lover; "there be troubles enow, believe me, without building them up out of our own silly fears—like boys with their snow hobgoblins, terrible enough in the twilight of fancy, but a gleam of sunshine will melt and disspiate them. Thou art sad to-night without reason. Imaginary fears are the worst to cope [p. 251:] withal; having nor shape nor substance, we cannot combat with them. 'Tis hard, indeed, fighting with shadows."
 "I cannot smile to-night, Gervase; there's a mountain here—a foreboding of some deadly sort. I might as soon lift 'Robin Hood's Bed,' yonder, as remove it."
 "No more of this, my dearest Grace; at least, not now. Let us enjoy this bright and sunny landscape. How sharply cut are those crags, yonder, on the sky. Blackston-edge looks almost within a stride, or at least a good stone's throw. Thou knowest the old legend of Robin Hood; how that he made yonder rocks his dormitory, and by way of amusement pitched or coited huge stones at a mark on the hill just above us, being some four or five miles from his station. It is still visible along with several stones lying near, and which are evidently from the same rock as that on which it is said he slept."
 "I've hard such silly tales often. Nurse had many of these old stories wherewith to beguile us o'winter nights. She used to tell, too, about Eleanor Byron, who loved a fay or elf, and went to meet him at the fairies' chapel away yonder where Spodden gushes through its rocky cleft,—'tis a fearful story—and how she was delivered from the spell. I sometimes think on't till my very flesh creeps, and I could almost fancy that such an invisible thing is about me."
 With such converse did they beguile their evening talk, ever and anon making the subject bend to the burden of their own sweet ditty of mutual unchanging love![60]

1854 - Roby, John - Literary and Poetical Remains (2)

The sky was already growing cold and grey above the ridge opposed to the burning brightness of the western horizon, and Grace Ashton pointed out the beautiful but fleeting hues of the landscape around them. Her companion, however, was engrossed by anotehr subject. Before them was an eminence marking the horizon to the north-west, though not more than a good bow-shot from where [p. 253:] they stood. Between this and their present standing was a little grassy hollow, through which the brooke we have described trickled rather than ran, amidst moss and rushes, rendering the ground swampy and unsafe. On this hill, stood "Robin Hood's coit-stones;" and on the largest, called the "marking-stone," a wild-looking and haggard figure was couched. Her garments, worn and tattered, were of a dingy red; and her cap, or coiffure as it was then called, was of the same colour.[61]

1856 - Thompson, Pishey - History of Boston

The narrow winding lane, which was formerly the bed of the Scire-beck, and still is the boundary between Boston and Skirbeck, is first mentioned in the corporation Records as Robin Hood's Walk, in 1640. We do not know the origin of this name.[62]

1857 - Sullivan, Jeremiah - Cumberland and Westmorland (1)

 In the south of Ireland, and other places, when a murder has been committed, every person who passes the spot is under an obligation to leave a stone, and the custom being continued for an indefinite time, a considerable heap is generally raised. It once happened that a man of brutal disposition, resident in a town, wantonly slew a number of persons who passed his house singing and shouting for their amusement. The blow, which was probably not intended to kill, proved fatal; the murderer escaped the punishment of the law, but for many weeks was obliged to keep a labourer in regular, occasional employment, to remove cairns from before his door. Some provinces of Spain have a similar custom, but to take the words of the writer, the stone is there thrown on the grave. On the borders of Gallicia, says an English traveller, are found heaps of stones. Every Gallician who goes out of the province to seek work, either going or returning, throws a stone on the heap.

We thus come to a curious nutting custom of Westmorland, connected with no less personages than Robin Hood and Little John. In the neighbourhood of Orton are two heaps of stones, under which it is believed the outlaw of Sherwood Forest and his lieutenant, are buried. It was once customary for every person who went a nutting in the wood, at the south end of which these heaps are situated, to throw a stone on Robin's grave, repeating the following rhyme:

Robin Hood, Robin Hood, here lie thy bones,
Load me with nuts as I load thee with stones.

 Whoever was the original of this famous outlaw, and whether he was properly Robin of the Wood, or Robin with the Hood, his name is now connected with mounds and stones innumerable in various parts of England. Lancashire has made him a giant, and [p. 131:] given him Blackstone Edge for a bed. Barrows in many places are called Robin Hood's butts. He has become a favourite ballad hero, and has been worked up with the celebration of the May festival; in Westmorland, as we see, he is the patron of nutters. And, in short, too much popularity has converted him, according to the view of critical investigators, into a myth. Near the village of Catterlen, in a retired part of the wood, is a spring called Robin Hood's well, but how it acquired the name is not now known.[63]

1857 - Sullivan, Jeremiah - Cumberland and Westmorland (2)

May-eve was formerly celebrated in this district with the Beltain, at which green branches were borne, a Scandinavian rite, apparently, superadded to the Celtic fire worship. The latter custom identifies itself with the Jack in the Green of the London sweeps, the intention having been to celebrate at this season, when Nature is awakening from the chaotic sleep of Winter, the myth of the creation. The singular sign called the Green Man, who is now [p. 166:] represented as wearing bright green, Robin Hood-like clothes, originated in the May festival. And the name of Maybrough, which, unlike that of its neighbour, the Round Table, is not modern, identifies that structure with the ceremonies of the same time.[64]

1858 - Black, Adam - Picturesque Guide to Yorkshire

The scenery readily accessible from Askerne is pleasing, but not very romantic. There are several places in the [p. 115:] neighbourhood that may be visited — among others, Campsall; Burgh Wallis and Adwick-le-Street, both of which have old monuments in their churches; and Robin Hood's Well, an insignificant hamlet, named after a well by the side of the turnpike, which tradition has associated with the name of the renowned freebooter.[65]

1859 - Green, Henry - Knutsford

 The name Robin Hood's Well, a locality near the Moor, suggests that the great outlaw and freebooter of Sherwood Forest had wandered to our town; we read the motto over the well,

"If Robin Hood be not at home,
Stop and take a drink with little John;"

[p. 131:] and we imagine his favourite attendant must have been concealed close at hand. But, alas! for our antiquarian excitement; just by is a neatly enclosed mound, and a stone engraved with the words, "Alas! poor Bob!" We enquire what it all means, and learn, almost to our vexation, that Robin Hood was the name of a race-horse buried under the mound, and that little John's drink was not the pure element—"that best of liquors," but like Friar Tuck's,—a flagon of strong ale.[66]

1860 - Bland, John Salkeld - Vale of Lyvenett (1)

The word How, Danish—a hill, is generally significant of a mound, but is often applied to the whole, as Sill How, Raise How, Bousfield How, How Arcles, How Neuk and How Robin; on each of which are mounds. Raise is an older word of similar meaning, and is applied more directly to a mound, as Raise How on Bank Moor. This name is more common in the neighbourhood of Shap. Pen, of Cambro-Celtic origin, having the same meaning, is found in Penhurrock. Others again bear the ordinary name of Hill, as Iren Hill, Round Hill, &c. Though these mounds have been raised by different people each in their day, yet they are often found to have been named or rather called Hills by whatever word in the language or dialect of the succeeding races expressed the same. Others again there are bearing names peculiar to themselves, as Iren Hill, Sill How, Hollinstump, Penhurrock, Robin Hood's Grave, Lady's Mound, &c. Though they are numerous, yet many of them have been opened by the hill-breakers of the last [p. 13:] century, or been more or less ravaged for the sake of stones, earth, &c.; for this reason it is difficult to distinguish those belonging to different ages, though it is highly probable the great majority are British.[67]

1860 - Bland, John Salkeld - Vale of Lyvenett (2)

Robin Hood's Grave is an oblong mound, seven yards by three. It is situated at the bottom of a narrow rocky dell at the head of Crosby Gill, where the footpath from Orton to Crosby enters the woods, once the chase of Sir Lancelot Threlkeld. It is noticed by Mr. Sullivan in his "Cumberland and Westmorland," but he speaks of two heaps: this is, however, a mistake, there being only one. Of this mound he says "It was once customary for every person who went a-nutting in the wood, at the south end of which this heap is situated, to throw a stone on Robin's grave, repeating the following rhyme:—

Robin Hood, Robin Hood, here lie thy bones;
Load me with nuts as I load thee with stones."

Whoever was the original of the famous outlaw, and whether he was properly Robin of the Wood or Robin with the Hood, his name is now connected with mounds and stones innumerable in various parts of England, On [p. 16:] Ploverigg Edge are two large stones, known as Robin Hood's Chair and Punch Bowl; in short, too much popularity has converted him, according to the view of critical investigation, into a myth. Probably the well-known rhyme of schoolboy notoriety may be in allusion also to the famed outlaw of Sherwood Forest:—

 Robin a Ree, Robin a Ree, if I let thee dee
Many sticks, many steanes be heaped o' my weary beanes

 If I sud set Robin a Ree to dee:

This game is usually attendant on bonfires, near which, those joining the game stand in a row; the first then takes a fiery stick, and whirling it round and round repeats the rhyme, then handing it to the next, who repeats it, and so on till the stick dies out; the unfortunate individual, in whose hand this happens, is then at the mercy of the grimy sticks and wet sods of his companions.

Not far from Robin Hood's Grave is a spring known as "King's Well," which is supposed to bear its royal title from being visited by King Henry VII.; but of this we have no more reliable proof than we have that Robin Hood's remains lie beneath the mound, which, on being opened, was found to contain only an old sheep's skull.[68]

1863 - Grainge, William - Nidderdale

Sigsworth Grange is the last of the monastic farms, and was valued at the dissolution at 100s. per annum. It is situated on a ridge of land overlooking the rugged, wild wood clad glen of Doubergill, also commanding a fine view of the valley towards Bewerley and Guy's-cliffe. The present house and buildings are all modern; in an enclosure a short distance to the westward are traces of the foundation of a building which appears to have been composed of large stones; a great part of which has been removed for the purpose of forming fence walls. A field adjoining, full of native rocks, bears the name of "Robin Hood's Park." A spring of pure water in the wood below, is called "Robin Hood's Well." How singular to find the renowned outlaw's name asociated with places so remote from his general haunts; but as he loved to chase the deer of the monks as well as those of the king, he certainly might enjoy that sport in Nidderdale, where deer were plentiful at a much later period than that in which he lived. It is also pleasing to contemplate the outlaw quenching his thirst at this rock-born fountain.

Beside this crystal fount of old,
Cool'd his flush'd brow — an outlaw bold;
His bow was slackened while he drank,
His quiver rested on the bank,
Giving brief pause of doubt and fear,
To feudal lords and forest deer: —
Long since the date, but village sires,
Still sing his feats by Christmas fires;
And still old England's free born mood,
Stirs at the name of Robin Hood."[69]

1864 - Harrison, Samuel - Complete History of Great Flood at Sheffield

We now reach Little Matlock, one of the most romantic and picturesque scenes in the neighbourhood of Sheffield, a place to which, it is said, Robin Hood and Little John used frequently to resort. At the bottom of the valley, near the bed of the river, were the tilts and forges of Messrs. Chapman, and of Mrs. Denton, and also a row of strongly-built and good-looking stone houses inhabited by the Chapmans. The grounds of Little Matlock, and the Rock Inn, lie above, on the precipitous and finely wooded declivity of a steep hill, a scene of beauty unsurpassed in the neighbourhood, and which in summer attracts thousands of visitors to enjoy the sequestered walks, to ramble among the rocks, or to descend into the beautiful valley where the river Loxley ripples and foams along in its rocky and shady bed.[70]

1865 - Redfern, Francis - History of Town of Uttoxeter (1)

A barrow still exists at Lowfields with trees growing upon it. It is called "Robin Hood's butts," and the place from whence he is said to have shot his arrows from the trusty bow, is placed at the White Gate on the Stubwood. This low is but slightly elevated above the surrounding surface. Fragments of swords are said to have been turned up near it, in the course of draining operations which have been carried on. There is a tradition current among the peasantry, that a battle was at one time fought at Low Fields, and the appearance of the low would lead one to the belief that it is a Saxon barrow, and may form part of a cemetery of that period.[71]

1865 - Redfern, Francis - History of Town of Uttoxeter (2)

 Another of these wells [in Uttoxeter] was called Marian's Well anciently, but in more modern times Maiden's Well, or Maiden's Wall Well (wall having the same meaning as well), and is situated on the ascent to the High Wood, by the road side, nearly opposite to the public-house there, but it has since been taken into the field. The waters of this well have also been famous for their virtues in healing; and the grandfather of an aged female living in Uttoxeter wished in his dying moments to have a bottle of water from it to drink, on account of its remarkable properties; so that its fame remained great until less than a hundred years back, although, perhaps, not six persons at this time, except by this notice, know any thing about it. But what is also remarkable about it is that it was believed to be haunted by the ghost of a handsome young lady, on account of which people were much afraid of going past it at night—a superstition origi- [p. 265:] nating, probably, in a former belief of the well having been inhabietd by spirits, there being superstitious beliefs of this kind in Scotland at this day.[72]

1865 - Redfern, Francis - History of Town of Uttoxeter (3)

LOCHELER, OR LOCKESLEIA.

A junior Ferrers of Tutbury held Loxley, which is about two miles west of Uttoxeter, in Henry II.'s reign, and in the time of Henry III. it belonged to Robert de Ferrers. In 1327 John de Kynardesleye married Johanna, daughter to a second Thomas de Ferrers. John Kynnersley was owner of Loxley eighteen Edward III. Thomas Kynnersley, twenty-second Charles I.; Craven Kynnersley, seven George II.; and Clement Kynnersley, ten George III., were sheriffs. An ancestor of the Kynnersley's was seated at Kynnersley Castle, Herefordshire, at the Conquest. There is a horn preserved at Loxley, with the proud name of "Robin Hood's Horn," which was formerly in the family of Ferrers, at Chartly. There is no particular reason given for its being Robin Hood's Horn, although it bears his initials; but from bearing three horse-shoes (two and one) it probably belonged to the Ferrars, and came into the family of Kynnersley by the marriage of Johanna, daughter of [p. 328:] Thomas de Ferrers, to John de Kynnardesleye, through which marriage it is supposed Loxley also came into the possession of the Kynnersleys. Loxley Hall is a modern residence, the previous ancient house having been destroyed about sixty years ago, and the ornamental stone work of it, with the ancient sculptured arms of the family, have been formed into a beautiful grotto. The entrance-hall of the present house contains the emblazoned arms of all the chief families of distinction in the kingdom, and paintings of the family for generations back. The present proprietor is C. T. S. Kynnersley, Esq., who resides at the High Fields, near Uttoxeter.

Loxley has attained a degree of celebrity as being, if not the birth-place of Robin Hood, at least the scene of many of his bold exploits. An old chronicle of the date of 1621 relates, that after his return to [p. 329:] Loxley from his visit to his uncle Gamewell, in Warwickshire, after certain inquiries concerning his men,

"Clorinda came by,
The queen of the shepherds was she,"

with whom he fell in love,

"Sir Roger, the parson of Dubridge, was sent for in haste:
He brought his mass book, and bid them take hands,
And joined them in marriage full fast."

According to the traditions of the neighbourhood the honeymoon was spent in the beautiful demesne of Loxley; and many engaging stories have been related by the gardener of Loxley ninety years ago—the maternal grandfather of a friend of mine—respecting both the rendezvous and doings of this celebrated outlaw. These lines are supposed to have reference to the gallant freebooter, on his return to Loxley, after the marriage with his wife—

"Bold Robin Hood and his sweet bride,
  Went hand in hand into the green bower;
The birds sung with pleasure in those merry green groves;
  O this was a most joyful hour."[73]

1865 - Redfern, Francis - History of Town of Uttoxeter (4)

CHARTLEY—CHARTLEY CASTLE.

 Chartley Castle, six miles west of Uttoxeter, was built in 1220, by Richard Blundeville, Earl of Chester, on his return from the Holy Land, and an import was levied on all his vassals to defray the expense of building. After the death of the founder, the castle and estates fell to William Ferrars, Earl of Derby, whose son Robert forfeited them by his rebellion. Afterwards he was allowed to retain them. They were subsequently carried by marriage to the family of Devereux, and then to those of Shirley and [p. 334:] Townsend, and lady Northampton gave up all she could of Chartley, namely, the estate to one of her uncles, the then Earl Ferrars, to whose descendants it now belongs. Of the castle which has been in ruins from before the time of Leland, there remain fragments of two round towers, with loopholes so constructed as to allow of the arrows being shot horizontally into the ditch. The keep was circular, and about fifty feet in diameter. The ancient manor-house was curiously made of wood, the sides carved, and the top embatteled, and the arms of the Devereux, with the devices of the Ferrers and Garnishes, were in the windows, and in many parts within and without the house. For some time it was the prison of the unfortunate Mary, Queen of the Scots, who wrought a bed that was in it. On her way to Stafford in 1575, Queen Elizabeth visited it. It was burnt down in 1781. The park is a thousand acres, and the breed of the wild beasts of Needwood Forest are preserved in it to this day. It is traditionally said that Robin Hood found asylum at Chartley Castle, and its founder, Randall, of Chester, is thus named in connection with the famed Robin, by the author of "Piers Plowman"—

"'I cannot persitly [sic] my paternoster, as the priest it singeth;
I can rhyme of Robin Hood, and Randall of Chester.'[74]

1872 - Stockdale, James - Annales Carmoelenses

 On the brow of the allotment above Haening Wood two large stones, of the mountain limestone in situ, stand out prominently on the surface. These have from time immemorial gone by the names of Robin Hood and Little John. They are so given in the six-inch [p. 475:] scale ordnance map. No reasons for these names are known, but the stones may have been local marks for the shepherds in the old times when the district was unenclosed.[75]

1879 - Thomson, J Radford - Guide to the District of Craven

Robin Hood's Mill is the name given to a spot between Little Stainforth and Stackhouse, where a rumbling noise may be heard below the ground, doubtless caused by a subterranean waterfall, such as are not uncommon in this district.[76]

1879 - Turner, J Horsfall - Haworth Past and Present (1)

The view from the mountain ridges presents a wild and rugged country seldom traversed by the tourist, but abounding in beautiful and picturesque scenery. Miss Bronte's word-pictures of these purple-heathered moorlands and upland valleys will be familiar to most readers. Here the geologist, in particular, may find ample interest. The millstone grit, the Cobling coal pit, the cold springs, the lateral valleys, the scattered boulders each has a history for him. He traces the cold water to the hidden reservoir, the formation of the valleys to the remote glacial period, the coal to some great dislocation, and so on. Miss Bronte gives a vivid and truthful description of the scenery about Haworth and Stanbury: "In winter nothing more dreary, in summer nothing more [p. 153:] divine, than those glens shut in by hills, and those bluff, bold swells of heath."
     A few more names and our list closes. We have in the Stanbury district, Spring Dikes, Jarnel, Jarnel Washfold, Silver Hill (900 feet high), Churn Hole, Rushy Grough, Old Snap (residence of the Heatons), Whitestone Clough, Ponden Slack (1100 feet high), Height Lathe, Clogger Wood, Ponden, Ponden Waters, Clough and Beck, Upper Ponden, Rush Isles, Round Intake, Slack, Far and Near Slacks, Birch Brink, Raven Rock, Robin Hood's Well, Ponden Kirk, Kirk Brink, Waterfalls, Heather Hole and Brink, Bracken Hill, Buckley, Buckley Green, Duke Top, Cony Garth, Cold Knole End, and Royds Hall, reaching Toller Lane again, which passes through Stanbury and Haworth. At Ponden Bridge is a cotton mill. Griff Mill (worsted), completes this wild list.[77]

1879 - Turner, J Horsfall - Haworth Past and Present (2)

Visitors [to Kirklees Hall, Brighouse] will be pleased to see two old coaches in the coach-house. These are about 200 years old, and the iron rims instead of being complete circles are fixed around the wheels in sections. The carriages were adapted for fording rivers. At the marriage celebration of the Prince of Wales, 1803, they formed a special feature of the Brighouse procession. The coachmen and others were dressed in imitation of [p. 205:] Robin Hood and his men.[78]

1883 - Bayzand, William - Coaching in and out of Oxford

Soon after leaving Whitchurch, we had two Fellows of [a] college, and they made a proposition to Joe Stephens, the coachman, that a verse of poetry extempore was to be made before they reached the Chequers Inn, Whitway, and if his was the best composition, they would give him [a] double fee. They were not long in repeating their verse. Not so with Stephens, for he was a long time thinking of his. We had reached the Common, and [were] within a 100 yards of the Chequers, when Stephens said, 'Gentlemen, I am ready,' –two pigs feeding on the green, belonging to Mr. Perkins, no doubt gave him the idea:
           Mr. Perkins had two pigs,
           As fine as one another;
           Robin Wood1 was one's name.
           Little John the other.'

     'Bravo, Stephens ! You have fairly beaten us, and you shall have the double fee with pleasure.'[79]

1883 - Macquoid, Thomas - About Yorkshire

There are several wild glens [on the hill above the village of Lofthouse] which well reward the explorer; Wath woods and waterfalls near Pateley Bridge on the Doubergill beck, near which we found a trace of Robin Hood ; a rocky field not far from Sigsworth Grange is called Robin Hood's Park, and a spring in the wood below Robin Hood's Well.[80]

1886 - Cudworth, William - Rambles round Horton

The neighbourhood of Hunt Yard has been strangely altered since the commencement of the present [i.e. 19th] century. When the old road from Bradford to Halifax, by way of Silsbridge Lane, Green Lane, Toby Lane, Scarr Lane, was the chief highway, there was an open space at Hunt Yard, used in later times by the surveyors for a dross hill. Excepting an old hostelry there were only two or three dwellings in Hunt Yard. According to the evidence of an inscribed stone still preserved, the old hostelry was erected in 1622, the sign being the "Robin Hood and Little John." The building was pulled down in 1800 for the erection of more modern dwellings. The original cellars, however, remain, and are arched, and in an underground recess there are several stone pillars which supported the old building. A portion of the original walling is above a yard in thickness. There used to be an old building connected with this hostelry called "Brick Castle", in which travellers were lodged; the beds of oak being built into the walls. Altogether, the "Robin Hood" was a noted house when the old Scarr Lane passed in front of it. It was at a "hen drinking" in this house, in which the murderer of "Fair Rebecca" took part, that her ghost, it is said, first appeared.[81]

1886 - Redfern, Francis - History and Antiquities of Town of Uttoxeter (1)

[...] there is what has every evidence of being a Saxon cemetery in Uttoxeter parish at Low Fields, where it has hitherto been supposed there was only an ordinary tumulus. A slightly raised mound of this character, and of but small extent, certainly exists in the field just on the north-east side of the place hitherto supposed to be a low, but now the trees and impenetrable brushwood have been cleared away from the site conjectured to have been a barrow, it proves to be an extensive cemetery enclosed by a circular ditch and fence. Over the surface of the enclosure there are slightly raised earthern banks in the form of a cross, and which must indicate it to be a Saxon Christian burial ground. One of these remains has the name of Robin Hood's butts, and the land on which they exist is so denominated in an old survey of Uttoxeter parish. The position from which he is stated to have shot his arrows from his trusty bow, is placed at the White Gate at Stubwood. There is a prevalent tradition also, that a great battle has been fought at Low Fields in remote times, and [p. 87:] that the contest surged in that direction from Rocester, and it is said that fragments of swords have been dug up thereabouts.[82]

1886 - Redfern, Francis - History and Antiquities of Town of Uttoxeter (3)

LOCHELER, OR LOCKESLEID.

  Loxley, in the parish of Uttoxeter, on the west, is an old Saxon name, and a place of considerable interest. It was a grant from the Crown to Robert de Ferrars, first Earl of Derby, who died in 1184. By the second Earl William, it was granted to his younger son Wakelin, and it was held by a Robert, an Alan, a Thomas, and Henry. From an inquisition taken after 1297, it appears that Loxley manor was held by the heirs of Thomas de Ferrars, who was the youngest son of William, third earl of Derby, who did homage for Chartley, which was exchanged by Thomas with his brother for Loxley. There is a blank here in this branch for one generation at least, and therefore the second Thomas, whose daughter Johanna, as sole heiress, brought Loxley to the Kynersleys by marriage in 1327 with John de Kynnardsley, must have been of a third generation from the first Thomas. In existing deeds there are evidences of a William and a Robert holding Loxley. William Earl de Ferrars, grants in or near Lockesleid "Will'o, filio Will'i, filiolo meo." In a deed [p. 426:] of Lord Bagot, "Robert de Ferr', avunculus com, de Ferr," grants "eight bonatas in Lochesl' to Osbert, homini meo de Lockesleid;" yet besides this Robert "avunculus" there was a Robert de Ferrariis de Lokesle, co-witness with Robert avunculus de Monastic. (Angl. II. 506.) The above John de Kynardsley is mentioned in a deed of 1330, as "Dominus de Lockesley." He was descended from the family of Kynardsley of Kynardsley Castle, in Herefordshire, where they were seated at and before the time of the Conquest. His two immediate ancestors were, William, seated at Kynardsley Casde, and William, lord of the manor of Wyebridge. John Kynardsley and three brothers were advanced with estates (most by returning to John or issue) by an uncle, "dom's John de Kynardesley, cleric's Thomse com, Lancaster," and rector of Stoke. The estate has descended in uninterrupted succession from father to son (except in instances, when in default of issue, brother succeeded brother), to Clement Kynersley, Esq., who died in 1815, having devised this estate to his nephew, Thomas Sneyed, Esq., a son of his eldest sister, Penelope, by John Sneyed, of Belmont, Esq., and who, in compliance with the will of his uncle, Thomas Sneyd, took the name of Kynersley in addition to his own. He died by an accident in 1844. His eldest son and heir, Clement John Sneyd Kynersley, dying in 1840, he was succeeded by his grandson, the eldest son of C. T. S. Kynersley, who was born in 1833, and since deceased. Thomas Kynersley, twenty-two, Charles I.; Craven Kynersley, seventh, George II.; and Clement Kynersley, tenth, George III., were sheriffs.

  Some of the land now belonging to Loxley estate was of recent acquisition in the early part of the reign of Charles I., and is then spoken of in writings in the ensuing words : — "Thomas Kynnersley, Esq., houldeth by fealty Knight service and suit the manor of Little Loxley, and he houldeth freely one part of the reputed manor of Little Bromshulfe, in three parts to be divided, and certain other lands sometimes Walter's land by the yearly rent of [p. 437:] xviiis." The ancient Loxley inheritance is mentioned in these words: — "The said Thomas Kynnersley, Esq., houldeth divers lands and tenements, the ancient lands of Kynnersley, at the rent of xxxiiis. iiiid." The hall is referred to in the same records as "The Ould Hall," and "The Ould Hall Meadow." The ancient residence was probably superseded by the hall which was partly demolished by Thomas Sneyd Kynersley, Esq.,"who built the present edifice, which is of stone. The preceding house was of red brick with stone dressings and pediment, Ionic pillars with elaborately carved Corinthian capitals. The front hall is a noble room with a gallery. The arms of the principal families in the Kingdom in 1608, are painted round the room, and those of the Royal family over the fire-place, which is supported by ancient and beautifully carved oak pillars. A painting of the old hall, as well as one of Ashcombe Hall, is also over the fireplace on a panel. A little beneath the row of almost innumerable coats-of-arms, there are old paintings let in antique oak panelling of the wainscotting, of the apostles and disciples of Christ. In the hall are also preserved a number of ancient family portraits. The Corinthian capitals, the beautifully carved volutes and floral designs in stone, the stonework of the open parapet of the old hall, the armorial bearings of the family cut in stone, and a fine grotesque mask in the same material, all having been ornamental portions in the front of the old mansion, have been built into a grotto which stands in the Long Walk. In the windows of the grotto were also inserted small square panes of glass from the same ancient residence, bearing the arms of the Ferrars in the form of horse-shoes, and which were doubtless executed before Loxley came to the family of Kynnersley. The elaborately carved oaken door in oak-leaf work, probably of the decorated period, in the grotto, was the front door of the old hall. When I saw this interesting place some nine or ten years ago it looked very forlorn, and the last piece of coloured glass with a horse-shoe represented on it bid fair to follow others which have been broken to pieces [p. 428:] within the last twenty-five years. Loxley Hall has not been occupied by the representatives of the family of Kynnersley for many years, but has been rented successively by Joseph Mallaby, Esq., Colonel the Hon. Thomas Stanley, and now by Dr. Mould, of Cheadle, near Manchester, as a convalescent home for wealthy patients, who are under the care of Dr. Fletcher, of Uttoxeter.

  Loxley Park and Paddock, with a small intake, comprise 212a., and the Hall, pleasure-grounds and gardens, about 7 a. or. 2 p.

  Loxley has attained a degree of celebrity as having been the reputed birthplace and scene of the marriage and of many of the bold exploits of Robin Hood, who, it is believed, was no other than a Robert de Ferrars. It is supposed he may have had the name of Hood from being hooded, and that of Huntingdon from engaging in hunting, and although Norman by blood, it is thought not improbable that he might take up the popular cause. There is in existence in the family of Kynnersley, an ancient horn having the proud name of Robin Hood's horn, and which was formerly in the possession of the Ferrars, of Chartley, and then of the branch of the same family at Loxley, and so passed to the family of Kynnersley by the marriage of the heiress of Ferrars with John de Kynardsley. It has the initials of R. H., and three horse-shoes, two and one in a shield, that being the way in which the arms were borne by the first Thomas de Ferrars of Loxley, and probably by a Robert, who preceded him apparently towards the close of the twelfth century, and as they were on the coloured glass of which I have spoken, the traditionary connection of the horn with the name of Robin Hood is interesting. The horn is mounted with silver ferrules, and has a silver chain attached to it for suspension. As will be perceived by the engraving, ornamentation is also carved upon it, including a star, which may be emblematic, having long and short radiations alternating, and all cut in notches. [p. 429:]

  With respect to the marriage of Robin Hood at Loxley, an old chronicle states that after his return there from a visit to his uncle Gamewell, in Warwickshire, after certain enquiries concerning his men,

"Clorinda came by,
The queen of the shepherds was she,"

with whom he fell in love, when,

Sir Roger, the parson of Dubridge, was sent for in haste:
He brought his mass book and bid them take hands,
And joined them in marriage full fast.

According to the traditions of the neighbourhood, the honeymoon was spent at the beautiful demesne of Loxley; and many engaging stories have been related by the old gardener of Loxley a hundred and ten years ago—the maternal grandfather of a friend of mine, Mr. G. Foster, of Endon—respecting both the rendezvous and doings of this celebrated outlaw. These lines are supposed to have reference to the gallant freebooter, on his return to Loxley after the marriage with his wife:—

Bold Robin Hood and his sweet bride,
  Went hand in hand into the green bower:
The birds sang with pleasure in those merry green groves;
  O, this was a most joyful hour.[83]

1886 - Redfern, Francis - History and Antiquities of Town of Uttoxeter (4)

CHARTLEY—CHARTLEY CASTLE.

 Chartley Castle, six miles west of Uttoxeter, was built in 1220, by Richard Blunderville [sic], Earl of Chester, on his return from the Holy Land, and an impost was levied upon all his vassals to defray the expense of building. After the death of the founder, the castle and estate fell to William Ferrars, Earl of Derby, whose son Robert forfeited them by his rebellion. Afterwards he was allowed to [p. 437:] retain them. They were subsequently carried by marriage to the family of Devereux, and then to those of Shirley and Townsend, and Lady Northampton gave up all she could of Chartley, namely, the estate, to one of her uncles, the then Earl Ferrars, to whose descendants it now belongs. Of the castle, which has been in ruins from before the time of Leland, there remain fragments of three round towers, in two of which there are loopholes so constructed as to allow of the arrows being shot diagonally into the ditch. The keep was circular, and about fifty feet in diameter. The ancient manor house was curiously made of wood, the sides carved, and the top embatteled, and the arms of the Devereux, with the devices of the Ferrers and Garnishers, were in the windows, and in many parts within and without the house. For some time it was the prison of the unfortunate Mary, Queen of the Scots, who wrought a bed that was in it. On her way to Stafford in 1575, Queen Elizabeth visited it. It was burnt down in 1781, but an engraving of it appears in Dr. Plott's "Natural History" of the county. The park is a thousand acres, and the breed of the wild beasts of Needwood Forest are preserved in it to this day. It is traditionally said that Robin Hood found asylum at Chartley Castle; and its founder, Randall of Chester, is thus named in connection with the famed Robin, by the author of "Piers Plowman"—

I can persitly [sic] my paternoster, as the priest it singeth;
I can rhyme of Robin Hood, and Randall of Chester.[84]

1886 - Redfern, Francis - History and Antiquities of Town of Uttoxeter (2)

[... an] interesting well, which is situated close to the road side on the High Wood, a little south of Balance Hill tollgate, on the left hand side, has the name of Maiden's Well, Maiden's Wall Well, and Marian's Well. I have previously attempted, when speaking of Roman ways, to show how it may have acquired the name of Maiden's Well. At the same time the name may be a corruption from Mai-din, a British word applied to a fort. It appears to have been notorious in Saxon times, from the Saxons having given it the name of Wall Well from the Latin, vallum, a wall. The well is now enclosed in a field, but formerly it was evidently open to the road, and a wide space of the bank side of the land has been removed on its account, and although this escarpment round or along the back of the well is much worn and broken, it [p. 348:] may have formed the vallum or wall, from which Wall Well is derived. From the great celebrity of the well, the floral festivity of the Maid, Marian, the wife of Robin Hood, has probably been celebrated at it, from which circumstance it would readily and naturally receive the distinction of Marian's Well.

 Road side wells were particularly appreciated in Saxon days. Travelling being difficult and tedious, and there existing no houses of refreshment, way-side wells were of great importance and convenience. This was so much the case that Edwin, King of Northumbria, A.D. 628, had stakes driven down at them and a brazen dish affixed thereto with a chain, so that the fatigued way-farer might be enabled to refresh himself.

 The waters of this well have always had a great reputation for their supposed healing virtues; and the grandfather of an aged female whom I knew, wished in his dying moments to have a bottle of water from it to drink, on account of its remarkable properties ; so that its fame remained great until less than a hundred years back, although, perhaps, not six persons at this time, except by this account, know anything about it. But what is remarkable respecting it is, that it was believed to be haunted by the ghost of a handsome young lady, on account of which people were much afraid of going past it at night — a superstition originating, probably, in a former belief of the well having been inhabited by spirits, there being superstitious beliefs of this kind in Scotland at this day.[85]

1889 - Fishwick, Henry - History of Parish of Rochdale (1)

The following is a list of twenty-five places in the parish where, from time to time, numbers of flint implements and chippings have been found, which shows how wide spread was the area in which these early toolmakers dwelt.
     Blackstone Edge [...] Robin Hood's Bed.[86]

1889 - Fishwick, Henry - History of Parish of Rochdale (2)

On the top of Blackstone Edge is a large reservoir for supplying the Rochdale Canal, about half-a-mile south of which is a craggy part of the hill which is known as "Robin Hood's bed."[87]

1891 - Gray, Johnnie - Through Airedale from Goole to Malham (1)

To Seven Arches and back by the Ridge, 7 m. 'Bus may be taken as far as the Beckett's Arms, Meanwood, whence l[eft]. through fields and wood to Scotland Mill, in the picturesque Meanwood valley. The old mill is now a bleach works, but was formerly a flax mill. Beyond, in the distance, is Meanwood Forest, the haunt, in the Middle Ages, of the wild boar, the badger, and wolf; at the foot of which is the ancient Smithy mill, now used for grinding corn. Above this we come to the Seven Arches, a favourite resort of artists. Mr. Gilbert Foster once drew a representation of the view of the valley from this point, which was admirably displayed on the stage of the Grand Theatre in Leeds. The lofty aqueduct was formerly used to convey the town's water across the valley. The return journey can now be made over Woodhouse Ridge and the Moor, wide views being obtainable from the upland walk; the finest, perhaps, being that from the top walk of the Ridge, going towards Batty Wood. It was here that the bold outlaw, Robin Hood, threw down 'the glove' to the lord of the manor and his men, and then, it is said, there was a "merry scene."[88]

1891 - Gray, Johnnie - Through Airedale from Goole to Malham (2)

At the top of Trench Wood, on entering the Glen there is a large stone with a bowl-shaped cavity, called from time immemorial Robin Hood's Seat. This designation is, of course, purely mythical, many such curious stones and other remarkable objects in our part of the country being associated in some fanciful way or other with this famous mediaeval outlaw. It may just as well have been the judgment-seat of some Druid priest or chief, or even (if credence may go so far) a holy basin for the retention of water in which leaves of the sacred oak were dipped and borne, as we are told, in processionals to the festal altars.* Similar stones are found elsewhere in our district near Druidical temples.[89]

1891 - Gray, Johnnie - Through Airedale from Goole to Malham (3)

The natives of these parts [the village of Ponden] have a saying: "Let's go to Ponden Kirk, where they wed odd uns," which has its origin in an old custom of passing parties through a hole, capable of admitting only one at a time, that exists in the enormous boulder called 'Ponden Kirk,' near to the waterfall so named. The belief is that if you pass through it you will never die single! Not far from the rock is a spring called Robin Hood's Well.[90]

1891 - Gray, Johnnie - Through Airedale from Goole to Malham (4)

Steeton to Ilkley, 7½ m., or Addingham, 7 m. by Holden Gill. This is a charming 'round about' trip. The visitor from Silsden may go through Brunthwaite and up the road direct under Crag Wood Quarry to Gill Grange 2 m[iles]. From Steeton directly after the Aire bridge is crossed go over a narrow stone bridge across Silsden beck and through the fields in the direction of Holden Wood. When the lane is entered at Holden Ho[use]., turn l[eft]., a short ¼ m[ile]. and enter a stile on r[ight]. where path leads up to the canal, which here goes over the Holden beck on a single arch. This is a pleasant spot, and a favourite one with naturalists. Turn r[ight]. and cross the canal bridge up to the Park farms, where teas and refreshments may be had. From these houses the road may be ascended to the top of the open moor at Robin Hood's Chair, near Holden Gate, or at its divergence r[ight]. there is a private gate-way into Holden Wood [...][91]

1891 - Gray, Johnnie - Through Airedale from Goole to Malham (5)

Kildwick to Elslack, 6 m[iles]. For sweet air and good views this is a capital outing over Glusburn Moor (800 ft.) Leaving the station on the south side by a short field path on r[ight]. ascend the moor, having Mr. Petty's turreted mansion hanging above Airedale on r[ight]. with Robin Hood's Seat and Flasby Fell away in the distance. Descend past Upper Leys farm to the four-lane ends, where just above the plantation is a large artificial earthwork in the form of a circular camp. It is probably Danish. Keep straight up Baby Ho[use]. lane over Carlton moor by a narrow band of mountain limestone, which ascends to Park Head quarry, where glacial drift is seen resting upon the limestone at an altitude of 1050 ft. The road passes the quarry to a second four-lane ends. Here there is an old dated (1730) milestone: to Skipton 4 m[iles]., to Colne 8 m[iles]., &c., and the prospect from the (Elslack) moorland eminence just above is one of immense variety and extent, including Pendle, Boulsworth. Embsay Crag, Rylstone Fell, due N. the cones of Flasby, and beyond them the flat top of Ingleboro.[92]

1892 - Grindon, Leo H - Lancashire (1)

The waters at Lymm and Taxal belong respectively to Cheshire and Derbyshire. Independently of those at Rivington, Lancashire excels both of them in the romantic lake below Blackstone Edge, well known to every pleasure-seeker as "Hollingworth." The measurement round the margin is quite two miles; hills almost completely encircle it, and, as seen from the edge, near Robin Hood's crags, so utterly is it detached from all that pertains to towns and cities as to recall the remotest wilds beyond the Tweed. Hollingworth Lake was constructed about ninety years ago with a view to steady maintenance of the Rochdale Canal. Among the hills upon the opposite or north-western side of the valley, Brown Wardle, often named in story, is conspicuous; and adorning the lofty general outline may be seen — best, perhaps, from near "Middleton Junction" — another mamelon — this one [p. 214:] believed in local story to be a haunt of the maidens of the Midsummer Night's Dream.
 Looking westward from the Robin Hood pinnacles, the prospect includes the valleys of the Roch and the Spodden — the last-named stream in parts wild and wilful.[93]

1892 - Grindon, Leo H - Lancashire (2)

Over the crest of the hill the descent is easy, and here the paving seems to have been discontinued. The Robin Hood rocks close by present remarkably fine examples of typical millstone-grit. Rising to the height of fifty feet and fantastically "weathered," on the summits there are basin-like cavities, popularly attributed, like so many other things they had no hand in, to the Druids ; but palpably referable to a far less mythical agency — the quiet action, during thousands of years, of the rain and the atmosphere.[94]

1892 - Grindon, Leo H - Lancashire (3)

The wilful neglect, not to say the reckless destruction of interesting old buildings that can be maintained, at no great cost, in fair condition and as objects of picturesque beauty, is, to say the least of it, unpatriotic. The possessors of fine old memorials of the [p. 304:] past are not more the possessors in their own right than trustees of property belonging to the nation, and the nation is entitled to insist upon their safe keeping and protection. The oaks of Sherwood, festooned with stories of Robin Hood and Maid Marian, are not more a ducal inheritance, than, as long as they may survive, every Englishman's by birthright. Architectural remains, in particular, when charged with historical interest, and that discourse of the manners and customs of "the lang syne," are sacred.[95]

1892 - Grindon, Leo H - Lancashire (4)

The organic remains found in the coal strata rival those of the mountain limestone both in abundance and exquisite lineaments. In some parts there are incalculable quantities of relics of fossil fishes, scales of fishes, and shells resembling mussels. The glory of these wonderful subterranean museums consists, however, in the infinite numbers and the inexpressible beauty of the impressions of fern-leaves, and of fragments of the stems — well known under the names of calamites, sigillaria, and lepidodendra — of the great plants which in the pre-Adamite times composed the woods and groves. In some of the mines — the Robin Hood, for instance, at Clifton, five miles from Manchester — the roof declares, in its flattened sculptures, the ancient existence hereabouts of a vast forest of these plants.[96]

1893 - Elliot, W Hume - Country and Church of Cheeryble Brothers

A few yards down Stake Lane is Robin Hood's Well, with an ancient well-hewn coping-stone over it of ample dimensions.[97]

1897 - Collyer, Robert - Untitled poem

To the merry green-wood went bold Robin Hood,
With his strong-hearted yeomanry ripe for the fray,
Driving the arrow into the marrow
Of all the proud Normans who came in his way:
Scorning the fetter, fearless and free.
Winning by valour, or foiling by wit.
Dear to our Saxon folk ever is he.
That jolly old rogue with the Saxon grit.[59]

1899 - Halliwell, Sutcliffe - By Moor and Fell (1)

We'll [... p. 35:] strike round the sharp bend of the stream, and cross it, and continue along the further bank. We are on the first of the bogland now. There are patches of vivid green that yield to pressure of the foot with a spongy, gurgling subsidence. All full of little rills and rivulets the moor is, and there are wider patches of peat among the heather clumps. Half hidden underground, and fringed with fern and bog-weed, lie the three wells which go by the names of Robin Hood, Little John, and Will Scarlet. One may stop to ask how they came by their birth-names, to wonder why a man should have troubled to fashion them in this out-of-the-way spot; but neither speculation nor questioning of the moor folk brings one nearer to an answer. No house is here, nor even a shepherd's hut; yet the wells have been built for a definite use in some far-buried time. And the names? The springs are so called in old maps, and could not have been christened by any modern whose intercourse with the outer world was wider than that of the upland folk aforetime. Robin Hood one might understand, for [p. 36:] his name has long been current coin in the North; but how came Little John and Will Scarlet so glibly to the moorland tongue? Well Sherwood Forest is not so far away as the crow flies, and Hathersage, where Little John's grave is – where, by the way, the lady of quality who gave Jane Eyre her name lies buried also – Hathersage must have been joined to Haworth by a well-nigh unbroken sweep of moor. There was a wide manory about Skipton then, and as fat deer in it ever as roamed through Sherwood; Robin and his merry men found a change of scene convenient at times; and their safest route to Skipton would lie straight over the moor here, and across the valley this side of Oakworth, and on into the dale of Aire. It may well have been that Lincoln green lightened, more than once, the soberer livery of the heather; that plover and eagle screamed a fugitive defiance to the horn's challenge; that the long-bow of yew, and the merry wanderers who fitted the wild-goose feather to the shaft, were honoured guests among the ruder fathers of the moor. Ay, and men of his own kidney would honest Robin find — hard-muscled fellows who could bend a bow with the best, who held lax views as to equality of rights in feathered game and furred; for they were sportsmen ever in Haworth parish.[98]

1899 - Halliwell, Sutcliffe - By Moor and Fell (2)

It suits the flavour of old Bingley, too, this rough-and-tumble recklessness, which wore a grim front and hid something of a laughing heart behind it; and we move again, with no perceptible transition, among the wool-combers who peopled every cottage between the river-bridge and the old church. Hard times they are said to have been; but, measured by happiness rather than by comfort, they were fairer days than ever the working man will see again. Hard times? Nay, not in Haworth parish, nor in Bingley here. Food might be coarse, cottages scantily furnished — but what mattered it when half the men's days were spent out of doors, when sport and laughter and rough revelry brought back for awhile a flavor of old Robin Hood to an age that was so soon to settle into colourless sobriety?[99]

1899 - Halliwell, Sutcliffe - By Moor and Fell (3)

The star-loving Shepherd Lord [Henry, 10th Lord Clifford (1454-1523)], whose father had been wedded to the shambles, is followed in his turn by a son whose tastes are remote at once from study of the stars and from blood-thirstiness. A buck, a robber of abbots, a gipsy ne'er-do-weel, in his younger days, this eleventh Lord of Skipton [Henry, 11th Lord Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland (1493-1542)]. He was educated with Henry the Eighth when both were pleasure-loving youths; and the [p. 220:] King's jovial friendship led him into revelries which, as the Shepherd Lord laments in one of the saddest letters ever a father penned, were little in keeping with the means of a poor baron's son. Then our gallant, unable to keep up his expenditure in any other way, turned Robin Hood, gathered a band of like-minded youths about him, and kept the countryside awake. Monasteries, fat villages, stray travellers — all was fish that came to their net. But most of all they loved to hunt the fallow deer, and young Clifford's reputation as an archer was known as far as London town.[100]

1899 - Halliwell, Sutcliffe - By Moor and Fell (4)

Then he [Henry, 11th Lord Clifford, 1st Earl of Cumberland (1493-1542)], in his turn, gave place to George, his eldest son [Henry, 12th Lord Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland (1517-1570)], who was destined to add a new and dazzling lustre to the Clifford pomp. Soldiers had lifted the family honour high; it had known a shepherd warrior, and a Robin Hood; but not until this thirteenth lord came to reign at Skipton had it boasted a sailor among its sons.[101]

Notes

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